臺灣地理環境與氣候因子對甜橙果實特性與品質之影響

Effect of Environment and Agro-climate on Physical Characters and Chemical Constituents of Various Orange Varieties in Taiwan

基宜地區風大兩多，極易罹染潰痬病嚴重落果，尤其Valencia品種極忌強風，不宜大量無權過問短甜橙；唯印子柑、雪柑尚可勉強栽培，但須選避風之處並作防風設置。臺北地區冬季風強且兩多，溫度低日照差，故甜橙果色甚差，果實小，果皮厚，肉質亦差，酸度較高糖度低，黑心病潰痬病極易發生。新竹地區溫度低雨量較少，可栽培甜橙，但季風甚大須注意防風，甜橙菓實較小，果皮厚，果實可延2-3月採收，有晚熟之優點。中部地區乾季極顯明，冬季無雨，氣溫低，極適甜橙著色，且無風害，果皮光滑，其產品優良，但溫度低，果實酸度稍高，果皮較厚。嘉南平原氣候溫暖，極適甜橙栽培，品質亦佳，但因旱期較長，就注意覆蓋及灌溉。高屏地區氣候乾燥炎熱，栽培印子柑甚多，氣溫高有早熟現象，品質較差。東臺地區冬季東北季風有海岸脈為屏障，成熟時天氣乾燥晴朗，實為栽培甜橙最理想區域，但面臨太平洋，每屆颱風季節有罹潰痬病之弊，故須注意防風，旱季較長易於裂果與落果，須留意覆蓋及灌溉措施。

This study was undertaken mainly for the purpose of ascertaining the physical characters and chemical constituents in various varieties of sweet oranges (Citrus Senensis (L): OSBECK) as they mature on the tree and the influence of environmental and agro-climatic factors on the eating quality and food value of the citrus fruits. To approach the goal, systematic studies were made during two seasons, 1968/1969 and 1969/1970, in diffevent areas of this island, which were classified into seven agro-climate areas by Professor C. H., Chen, National Tatiwan University, and the Taiwan wenher Bureau. The varieties included were ”Sikan”, ”Golden Sceal orange”, ”Parson Brown”, ”Jaffa orange”, ”Pineapple orange”, ”Valencia orange”, ”Lue Gim Kong” and ”Dream Navel orange” all grown on Sunki (Citrus Sunki host) rootstocks. About 5-10 samples per orange tree from 2-3 orchards in each area were collected for the periodic analysis of physical characters and chemical constitunts. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1) Taipei area (Taipei city and Taipei Hsien) Due to high humidity and rainfall and comparatively low temperature in this area, fruits are small in size with thick rind. 2) Hsinchu area (Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli Hsien) This area often suffers from damages of monsoons, about 9-15m/sec, so fruits easily confract ”Canker1” diseases, and the fruit size is usually small as in the Taipei area. 3) Central area (Taichung, Changhwa and Nantou Hsien) This area is favored with more sunshine than other areas and absence of strong wind, so fruits are smooth and attractive in appearance. 4) Chia-Nan area (Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan city and Tainan Hsien) Because of high temperature, the rind of fruits is thin and juice abundant and very sweet, with excellent flavor and quality. 5) Kao-Ping area (Kaohsiung city, Kaohsiung Hsien and Pingtung Hsien) Due to high temperature, fruits matur early. 6) Kee-Yi area (Keelung city and Yi-lan Hsien) Because of low temperature and strong wind in the coastal areas, fruits easily get ”Cankar” diseases and the fruit size is as small as in the Taipei area. 7) Hwalien and Taitung Hsien areas Due to high temperature, in any ornge these areas, fruit rind is thin, texture fine juice tender and abundant.