植物營養供給之差異對於甜椒之生育產量品質及種子生產影響之研究

The Influence of Differential Supplies of Plant Nutritions on Growth, Yield, Quality and Seed Production of Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

植物營養對甜椒之生育、產量、品質及種子生產有影響、磷肥對甜椒之初期生育及產量之效應較氮肥及鉀肥大，三要素間之交感作用對產量之差異不顯著。磷肥對果肉厚度之效應亦較大，氮肥對果實貯藏力之效應較大，磷肥次之，鉀肥最小。缺氮肥會減低正常種子數目。缺鉀肥有提早種子發芽之趨勢。又NPK各處理間，每果雜交種子之平均數比普通種子之平均數較低40%左右。缺乏鎂、鉬元素，對甜椒之生育稍有影響。缺乏硼素對產量有影響，且果肉厚度有顯著差異，果實硬度及貯藏力有各處理間之差異不大。微量元素，對種子生產發芽率及發芽勢等無很大影響。水分供給對甜椒之初期生育及產量有影響。每一作所需之供水量應為320 mm以上。

1. The responses of plant growth at early stage and yield to phosphorus were relatively great in this experiment. The F value for main effects of P with all yield measurements was significant at 5% level. While, N and K had little effect on growth and yield measurements. There were not any interaction effects between N, P and K. The response of flesh thickness to P was slight great, while P had little effect on firmness of pepper fruits. Both response of ascorbic acid content in pepper fruits to supply of K and response of keeping quality of green pepper fruits to supply of N were also relatively great. There was not a high correlation between the weight of red mature hybrid fruit produced by hand pollination and number of normal seeds per fruit. The coefficient of correlation was +0.397. Percentage of normal seeds was depressed by low N. Seeds from low K treatment declined average number of hybrid seeds per fruit between NPK treatments was 40% lower than that of natural pollinated seeds. 2. The supplies of Mg, B, Mo minor elements seemed to have some slight effects on growth, yield and quality measurements. Mg and Mo deficiency resulted in smaller plant growth. B deficiency resulted in low yields. B deficiency also resulted in flesh thickness significantly different at the 5% level, but did not significantly affect on firmness and shelf life of green pepper fruits. Also, the supply of minor elements seemed to have little effect on seed production including average number of seeds per fruit, average weight of seeds per fruit, weight of 1000 normal seeds, percentage of germination and rate of germination. 3. The differential supply of water was shown to have effects on plant's growth and yield measurements. The water requirement for one crop of peppers seemed to need more than 320 mm. The correlation between water supply and flesh thickness was very poor, as the coefficient of correlation was -0.0209. Water supply also had little effects on shelf life of green mature fruits and percentage of normal seeds from red mature fruits.