採收木瓜酵素品種選擇及採收方法之研究

STUDY ON PAPAIN COLLECTION OF SOMESELECTED PAPAYA VARIETIES

木瓜酵素以未成熟果實中含量最多，將果費表皮剌破流出乳液採集乾燥後，即為粒製木瓜酵素，為白色或淡褐色粉末；其等位點（Jsoelecrtic Point）為PH=8.5，分子暈為27,000含有15%氮化物與1.2%硫化物。木瓜酵素包括Papan及Chymopapain兩種，二者均有消化蛋白質之功效。在肉類軟化劑（Meat tenderizers），啤酒中加入後，可以增加安定性（Stability）及冷涼保護劑（Chill proof），防止混濁發生。於細菌實驗室中，用為消化肉類培養基（Papin digested meat medium）的蛋白質時，不致產生沉澱作用。鮪魚肝臟中所含維生素A及D2，經過酵素處理後，可增加產量二倍。在皮革工業上，可抑制伸縮性，在毛紡織工業上，可以提高品質，增加光澤，防止皺縮，在絲織品上，可用為脫膠劑（Degumsilk），其他醫藥，化粧品方而，亦廣泛應用。

1.Comparison of the General Characteristics. (1) So far as the sex is concenned, the sex ratio of the progenies raised from the seeds of the dioecious varieties is woman:wen = 1:1 . Since the male plant yields only a few fruit or no fruit at all, about 50%of the male young plants should be practieally rooted out during the period of growth. Three varieties were tested in thls study. They are de Florida. IFAC 360 and Haiti.. With the polygamous varieties no male plant had been found from the progenies rai sed from the seeds of crossing between female and hermaphrodite plant. The sex ratio of their progenies is woman:wen = 1:1 . All of the progenies can normally yield fruits, and meet the requirement of the market. The polygamens, varieties deserved are Hybrid No, 1, philippine, Semangka and Local variety.