葡萄貯藏方法之研究

A STUDY OF THE STORGE METHOD OF GRAPES

一、本試驗於民國52年6月19日至同年7月20日，於台灣省立中興大學國藝系果樹研究室舉行，供試材料為本系試職場生產之Golden Muscat, Sunrise及Niagara三品種葡萄，分為室溫暴露，室溫裝袋及低溫裝袋三種處理，包裝用袋為27.5cm x 43.0cm大小；帶0.45cm直徑通氣孔之塑膠袋，試驗期中室溫，每日最高為30°C-35.5°C，最低為26.5°C-28.5°C，其相對濕度為71-93%冰箱溫度為5°C左右，相對濕度為33-37%。二、葡萄貯藏期，除與品種系統及果實之可溶固形物含量之不同而異外，主要與外界之溫濕度有關，貯藏時高溫多濕，則果實易於腐敗，反之溫濕度過低，時則果實有冰凍及乾縮之危險。此外採收至貯藏時之操作，亦有相當影響，故葡萄宜在充分成熟後，擇連繼天晴日採收，採收後避免太陽中嚗晒，並迅速處理冷藏，保持適當溫濕度，始能延長貯藏期限。三、本試驗供試三品種之可溶性固形物測定：Golden Muscat為15.7%，Sunrise為12.4%，Niagara為8.4%三種，處理之各品種間比較，並無特別差異，唯各品種之三處理間比較，其差異則極明顯，塑膠袋有減低蒸發，保持穗重之效用，但在高溫時則有加速破壞果實品質之影響。三處理之貯藏期限以室溫裝袋最劣，僅1-2天，其次為室溫暴露者，約5-6天，而以低溫裝袋較佳，約2週左右，但若能調整其相對濕度至85%以上時，可能延長相當之貯藏期限。

This experiment was carried on June 19, 1963 and completed on July 20 of the same year, in the fruit laboratory, Department of Horticulfure, Taiwan Provincial Chung Hsing University. Three varieties of grapes, namely Golden Muscat. Sunrise and Niagara have been tested, and three treatments of bunch storage for each variety were used: A) exposure at room temperature; B) bagging at room tempera­ture; and C) bagging at the control temperature. Plastic bags were 43.0X27.5 cm in size, and perporated with holes 0.45 cm in diameter. Daily variation of room temperature occurred. The maximum temperature was 30-35.5°C and the minimum temperature 26.5-29.5°C. Dnring the time of storage, the relative humidity of the atmosphere was 71-93% at room tempe­rature. The control temperature used was about 5°C, its relative humidity was 33-37%. The content of soluble solid substances of three above varieties was 15.1%, 12.4% and 13.4% respectively. There was on appreciable variation among the varieties when they were stored by means of three treatments mentioned, but appreciable variation was observed among three treatments in any one variety. Usually, bagging can decrease the evaporation from fruit, but at higher temperature, the des­tructive effect increases due to in'creased respiration. Storage duration was only 1-2 days for treatment A, 5-6 days for treatment B, and abouf 2 weeks for treatment C. It was concluded that bagging treat­ment at the control temperature would be the better method of storage, if the relative humidity were raised up to 85%, the storage duration will last tonger.