在臺灣氣候條件下縮短葡萄育種年限的研究

Studies on the Shortening of Grape Breeding Period under Taiwan Climatic Conditions

葡萄幼年期較長，由播種到開花結果需費時3～6年的時間，育種工作的完成也要7～8年。臺灣地屬亞熱帶氣候低溫期短，葡萄一年中的生長期長達10～11個月。本研究試行利用生長期之修剪，誘導實生苗在播種當年結果，並配合一年兩次修剪刺激潛伏芽萌發，使葡萄在一年中有兩個生長週期，加速縮短育種時間。試驗結果發現，除了少數接近歐洲系統的實生苗不能在播種當年結果外，大多數實生苗均能在播種當年結果，加上一年兩次的生長期，可以很成功的縮短葡萄育種年限，節省大約一半的時間。由此試驗證明，在自然條件下，熱帶與亞熱帶地區進行葡萄育種工作可以加速育種工作的完成，比溫帶地區更為便捷有利。

Grape has a very long period of juveaile phase when it is propagated by seed. A newly germinated seedling requires three to six years of vegetative growth to reach the stage of fruiting. So that it takes at least sevento eight years to accomplish a grape breeding program, Grapevine growing in subtropical climate of Taiwan has a short period of cold weather for dormancy and as long as 10 to 11 months of actively growing season. To take advantage of this environmental condition, this study was carried put by means of employing twice pruning a year to break the latent buds to make possible the two growth cycles in a year in order to shorten the breeding time. It was observed that growth rate of the seedlings was greatly speeded up and most of the seedlings, except small number of those similar to V. vinifera, set fruits in first seedling year. In addition, by pruning grape vines twice a year the breeding time was successfully shortened. It almost saved a half of the total breeding time. It also was proved that grape breeding undertaken in the tropical and/or subtropical areas would be more favorable than in the temperate zone.