臺灣蘆筍採用全雄幼笛種植可行性之研究

Feasibility of Selected AiI-male Seedling Planting Method of Asparagus in Taiwan

蘆筍許多文獻均認為雄株產量高於雌株。自1943年Rick、及Hanna研究報告發表後，多數蘆筍種家均從事於全雄性品種之育成，近年來花藥培養和組織培養更助長此種工作。但在臺灣則可由另一途徑走向此目標，即由苗期選拔雄株之方法。由於臺灣之高溫，五月播種的蘆筍幼苗，約於100天後開始開花，在臺灣北部UC 309蘆筍品種，與播種後3～7月內，680株幼苗約有50%開花，雄株至少比雌株早11星期開花。約有80%開花為雄株，在1970年的另一九品種蘆筍試驗中，多數植株在4～5月內開花，雄株比雌株至少早5星期。二試驗的差異主要由於苗株的管理方式所致，諸如，排水、灌水、施肥，病蟲害防治及除草等作業。因為臺灣有蘆筍之計劃產銷，由省農會統一購買種子及其集中育苗的制度，此一苗期選雄的方法更為可行，能很容易的配合於此一制度，以期達成將來臺灣栽種全部雄株蘆筍的目的。此全雄株蘆筍的植株更具有生長旺盛及高產量的轉性。

In most of asparagus literature, male plant has been snown to have higher yield than the female one. Since Rick and Hanna's study published in 1943, many asparagus breeders have been working toward the development all-male varieties, Recently, anther culture and tissue culture further facilitate that work to some extent. On the other hand, in Taiwan we have found another approach to attain this aim. We selected all male plants during the seedling stage. Due to the high temperatures in Taiwan, asparagus seedlings, seeded in May, started to flower, after around 100 days, 50% of 680 seedlings of the variety UC 309 commenced flowering within 3~7 months after, sowing in northern part of Taiwan. Male plants flowered at least 11 weeks earlier than female ones in this experiment. Fortunately, 80% of the early flowering seedlings were male plants. In an experiment carried out in 1970, most of the seedlings within 9 varieties tested, commenced flowering within 4~5 months and male piants flowered at least 5 weeks earlier than the female ones. Difference between the two experiments was mainly due to the cultural management of seedlings. The time of flowering in asparagus seedlings is greatly effected by cultural factors, such as drainage, watering, fertilizers, pest and weeds control etc. Under our special production schemed of asparagus the procuring of seeds and raising of seedlings are taken charge by the Farmers' Associations in Taiwan as a whole, this selection method has great potential toward the application growing all-male asparagus plants in the future. All-male plants will provide more vigorous growing and higher yield for the asparagus industry of Taiwan.