春香草莓試管苗對三種繡球屬囊叢枝菌根菌之反應

Responses of Micropropagated Harunoka Strawberry Plantlets to Three Glomus Spp. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

春香草莓（Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Harunoka）試管苗移出管外及移入田土後立移植存活率可藉栽培介質之講究（如用根基旺）及Glomus spp.之管外接種而大為提高。黴菌、紅蜘蛛及蠅類昆蟲之感染是試管草莓苗移出管外後導致死亡的主要原因。而推測齒根菌接種可提高移植存活率與其增加小苗對黴菌之抗性有關。在試管草莓苗移出管外時馬上接種Glomus spp.之囊叢枝菌根菌（VAMF），40天後即有50%草莓根部受感染，7個月後更有80%以上草莓根部會被感染而成菌根草莓植株。感染部位以細根之皮層為主，但根冠不被感染。缽植及田間走莖生產試驗證實Glomus spp.接種確可提高試管春香草莓植株之小苗產量，且以Glomus etunicatum Becker &. Gerd.或Glomus fasciculatum（Thaxter sensu Gerd.）Gerd. & Trappe二菌種接種者對小苗產量之促進比以Glomus mosseae（Nic. & Gerd.）Gerd. & Trappe接種者為優。產量試驗結果亦證實Glomus spp.接種有使部分草莓提早結果並顯著促進果實生產功效。建議進行大規模田間試驗以確定VAMF對草莓生產之實用性。

The transplant survival rate (TSR) of micropropagated Harunoka strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cv. Harunoka) plantlets could be significantly increased by the choice of proper growth medium (e.g. Gen-chi-wan) and the inoculation of Glomus spp. during transferring from test tubes to pots or from pots to field soil. The infection of molds and spider mites, fruit fly and other insects are the main cause for the death of micropropagated strawberry plantlets out of test tubes. After inoculation with Glomus spp, for 40 days, 50% of the micropropagated strawberry roots were colonized by the fungus. Seven months later, more than 80% of the roots were infected and formed mycorrhizal strawberry plants. Root cap could not be infected by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (V AMF). Cortex of fibrous roots was the main part of root for mycorrhizal infection. Both pot and field tests showed that the inoculation of Glomus spp. could significantly increase runner production of the micropropagated Harunoka strawberry plantlets. The runner production enhancement by the infection of Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd. and Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe was higher than by Glomus mosseae (Nic. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe. Fruit production results from both pot and field tests also revealed that the inoculation of Glomus spp. could enhance partial early fruit production and the increase of total fruit yield. It is recommended that the practical use of VAMF in strawberry production should be carried out in large scale.