香菇栽培法之比較與改良

Comparison and Improvement of Shiitake Growing Methods

本文比較五種香菇栽培法，即自創的菌絲斷節法（又稱菌片法）與其他四種常用栽培法，即椎木（Castanopsis sp.）與相思樹二種段木法及椎木類和雜木類木屑三種太空包法之生物效率%［BE%=（新鮮香菇重量／栽培介質乾重）X100］及生產乾香菇所需之材料與工資成本。結果顯示以菌片法生產之BE%達52.8%，且產量為其他栽培法（14.4～17.6%）之3倍以上。只有菌片法生產之乾香菇成本每臺斤118元與大陸價廉香菇具有競爭力。菌絲斷節法實為椎木類木屑太空包之改良，先接種香菇（Lentinus edodes Sing.）菌種在圓形太空位內，於16－22°C環境下約需25天包內會長滿菌絲，換裝入扁長型塑膠袋中，以九根釘書針封住袋口，將菌絲揉碎，且需在二面袋上各打24孔0.3公分直徑的小洞，注意管理及噴霧，可在54天內收穫二次香菇，且產量為椎木木屑太空包之3倍。以菌片法生產之香菇，自接種至採收二次香菇結束，僅需79天。本文對此新栽培法有詳細介紹，頗有志之生產者採用，共同振興本省菇業。

The comparison of biological efficiency% (BE%) [(weight fresh mushrooms harvested/dry substrate weight) X 100] and production costs including consumption material and labour costs were conducted among 5 shiitake growing methods, i. e. the newly invented mycelial fragment method (also named Flat sawdust bag cultivation), chinkapin (Castanopsis sp.) log wood, acacia log wood, chinkapin sawdust cultivation and mixed wood sawdust cultivation methods. Results showed that the BE% of mycelial fragment method was 52.8% which means the shiitake production was 3 folds of other growing methods (14.4~17.6%). Also the production cost was 118 dollars/600g dry shiitake which is the only growing method able to compete with the low priced mainland dry shiitake product. Mycelial fragment method actually is an improvement of the common chinkapin sawdust cultivation method. After inoculation with shiitake (Lentinus edodes Sing.) spawn for 25 days at 16-22°C, the mycelia are full with the round PP bag. Transfer the contents of the PP bag into a flat PP bag. Seal the bag with 9 stapler needles, then break the mycelia into fragments. Making 24 holes (0.3cm in dia.) on each side of the bag is essential. Under proper management and water mist, then within 54 days, two crops of shiitake could be harvested, and the yield is 3 folds of the common chinkapin sawdust cultivation methods. From spawn inoculation to end harvest of two shiitake crops takes only 79 days in 16-22°C environment. The detail description of this new shiitake growing method is presented. Hope shiitake growers could use this new method to renew our shiitake industry.