本省溫室內溫濕度之預測模式

Prediction Model of Temperature and Humidity for Greenhouse in Taiwan

溫室內環境包括光、溫度、濕度、氣壓及風速等之氣候環境及噪音、空氣組成、土壤、生物、放射能等非氣候環境。而以良好的設計與管理作出適宜作物生長之溫度環境，乃為設施園藝之第一步。良好的設計則要有模式可為依據。本研究之目的即在利用穩定狀態下熱傳遞與質量傳遞的理論，並參考作物之蒸發蒸散，用數理方法建立溫室內溫、濕度管理之依據，來模擬溫室內溫、濕度之變化情形。本模式之特色是摒除利用外加感應器應答資料輸入之方式，而以氣象局之氣象預報，配合數理模式來模擬出溫室內之混度環境，可在極短時間內預測出一天中溫室內溫濕度之變化情形，並提供溫室內土壤溫度變化資料，且轉換成所需之能量輸出，以便作為溫室管理及附屬設備操作設計之準繩。本研究之模式除用以模擬預測未來溫室內溫度與濕度，提供溫室之管理預防應變措施外，並可為改善現有溫室、加熱及冷卻之依據，溫室之新建可給予興建參考。

The factors influencing the environment of greenhouse include weather and non-weather factors. The most important factors affecting the growing of the plants are temperature and humidity. The purpose of this research is to establish a mathematical model of temperature and humidity for the greenhouses. The model is based on the heat and mass transfer theory at the steady-state condition and referred the evapotranspiration of plants with a numerical scheme to construct a management criteria for temperature and humidity in order to simulate the variations of temperature and humidity in greenhouses. The characteristics of this model is to discard using the sensoring measurements but using the climatological data with a mathematical model to simulate the temperature and humidity environment in greenhouses. This model can predict the variations of temperature and humidity during one day in a short period of time, offer the variations of soil temperature and convert the energy output demands in greenhouse. The model not only predicts the humidity and temperature, but also provides a guideline of heating and cooling systems for the greenhouses.