園藝作物開花創始之研究

A Study of the Flower Initiation in Horticultural Crops

單心皮單花（扁桃）、多心皮單花（樹莓）、和葇荑花序（桑葚）等三類植物的花的器官發生處（ontogeny），包括營養相（vegetative phase）、轉變期（transition stage）──日譯開花始發或花芽創始（flower initiation）、器官分化期（organographic differentiation）──即花芽分化（flower differentiation）、花芽發育（flower developmet），均經詳細觀察和比較。三者的花芽創始相似：肉體（corpus）及芽頂（apex）高度增加，外皮（tunica）的細胞層數減少。進入花芽分化階段，後二者出現較多的花器原始體，才比較複雜。臺北蓮霧的夏花和檬果的秋花，也曾觀察和比較。牠們與前述三類果樹，都屬於開花自導（flower self-induction）中立開花植物（neutral flowering plants），開花創始並不需要特定的環境條件。臺灣冬季低溫並非蓮霧、檬果開花誘導（flower evocation or induction）的必要條件。

Ontogenical studies were made with almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch), raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) and mulbery (Morus rubra L.) to demonstrate the developmental phases of their flowers including the vegetative condition, transition stage, organographic differentiation, and the floral development. Studies were also made to summer flowers of wax-apple (Syzygium samarangense Merr. et Perry), and fall flowers of mango (Mangifera indica L.). Discussions were particularly made for the conditions necessary for floral induction and initiation in these species. Research possibilities of year-round production in fruit tree crops were also discussed.