百香果柱頭形態及親和特性

Characteristics of Stigma Morphology and Compatibility in Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)

百香果（Passiflora edulis Sims）柱頭呈乾性，密生絨毛組織為複列式多細胞，細胞壁及細胞間隔厚，表層由分泌物所沈積。引導組織為實體型（solid-type）在絨毛基座下方之柱頭細胞呈近等徑形，下限由長形小細胞所襯托著，花柱中央的細胞呈長形，整個引導組織類似漏斗狀。自交親和性者授粉後半小時後長出花粉管，穿經絨毛組織中心之細胞間隙，每一絨毛組織只有－－花粉管進入。1小時後花粉管進入柱頭引導組織，18小時後子房內胚珠受精率可達80%。子房的生長於授粉後4小時內呈休止狀態，但在24小時後膨大率可達150%，急速膨大變化與受精發生相呼應，此將可利用為檢定親和性之指標。自交不親和性之黃果種，授粉後半小時亦能整齊發芽，但花粉管頂端膨大，生長緩慢，出現細胞質隔室，從橫切面顯示花粉管位於絨毛組織中心。授粉後24小時，花粉管滯留在絨毛中腔三分之二厚度，絨毛組織突起與花粉內壁相連接。百香果花粉與柱頭認定作用發生於絨毛組識，自交不親和性可藉切除柱頭表面組識而克服之，此交替感應類似孢子體型不親和性，嚴格的絨毛抑制作用可有效地維持異交系統。

The dry stigma of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) Sims processes numerous papillae with thick intercellular space among multiseriate cello, and deposit heavy exudate substances on the papillate surface, Transmitting tissue beneath the stigma surface is composed of isodiametric cells and lined by small elongated cells at lower limit. Highly elongate cells exist in the central core of style. The longitudinal features of solid transmitting tissue appear as funnel-like pattern. Self-compatible pollens of purple passion fruit adhered to the papillate surface emerging probe tube Within 30minites. Pollen tube penetrated through the papillae into transmitting tissue, and reached at the stylar base 4 hours after pollination. Majority of ovules (80%) were fertilized less than 18 hours. 50% increase of ovary diameter was surveyed at 24 hours after pollination. This pronounced evocation of ovary enlargement seems concomitant with timing of fertilization. In self-incompatible yellow passion fruit, the pollens also emerged in half an hour, but the tubes revealed swollen tip with high callose content. and displayed several cytoplasmic compartments. The pollen tube travelled no more than two thirds portion of the papillae tissue 24 hours after pollination. This sexual barrier could be overcomed by removal of stigma surface tisse. Interaction of pollens and stigma resulted in arrest of pollen tube in the papillae tissue. Passion fruit behaves as a genetic system of sporophytic incompatibility, and the strict recognition site exists in papillae tissue thus may enforce the plants for outbreeding.