溫度對白花蝴蝶蘭生長與開花之影響

Effect of Temperature on Growth and Flowering of Phalaenopsis White Hybrid

蝴蝶蘭白花雜交種（Phalaenopsis, white hybrid） 成株於人工氣候室日／夜溫20/15，25/20，30/25℃及溫室栽植，研究溫度對生長開花之影響。30/25℃促進葉片生長，移入低溫，經25/20℃處理30天後100%抽梗，104天後開花。20/15℃處理65天達100%抽梗，205天開花，花梗多而短，花小並有畸型花序。一直生長在30/25℃者，至10月下旬日長漸短抽梗達43%，抽梗後67天開花。花序品質以25/20℃最佳，30/25℃未抽梗者於元月中旬移至未加溫之溫室，接受自然低溫後多能抽梗於87天後開花。大部分花梗著生於自頂葉往下數第5及第6葉腋。

The effect of temperature on growth and flowering of Phalaenopsis white hybrid grown in greenhouse and phytotron at different day/night temp. of 20/15℃, 25/20℃, 30/25℃ were studied. About 3 year old mature plants of white hybrid having been grown at 30/25℃ for 4 months, then moved to 20/15℃ and 25/20℃ condition to accelerate flowering. 100% flower-stalk emergence were reached after 25/20℃ and 20/15℃ treatments for 30 days and 65 days, respectively. Days from emergence to flowering required 104 days and 205 days for 25/20℃ and 20/15℃, respectively. At 20/15℃, flower stem and no. of florets per stalk were shorter and lees than plants at 25/20℃ and also formed abnormal inflorescences with aborted florets. Plants grown at 30/25℃ didn't form flower-stalks until the late October when daylength decreases gradually, and about 43% flower-stalk emergence was reached and 67 days wan required from emergence to flowering. It brought about flower-stalk elongation continuously by transferring from 30/ 25℃ to unheated greenhouse in the middle of January. These results indicated that at 30/25℃, development of florets was promoted and initiation of flower-stalk was suppressed. Phalaenopsis plants grown at 15-30℃ emerged flower-stalks mainly from the axil of the 5th node below the uppermost leaf and continued to form leaves slowly during the period of flower-stalk development.