溫度與預措對蕾期採收菊花貯運品質及瓶插壽命之影響

Effect of Temperature and Pretreatment on Keeping Qualities and Vase-life of Bud Cut Chrysanthemum

冬春季按外銷規格蕾期採收菊花「黃秀芳」、「雁之妃」、「白鳥」、「香港紅」、「岩戶鏡」品種，行不同溫度貯藏及裝箱前藥劑預措試驗。置於室溫及20℃下2或4天者，失水%及葉下垂黃化的情形較貯於1℃或5℃下7天者為嚴重。硝酸銀1000ppm預措10分鍾，瓶插壽命、花朵大小及花朵展開較保鮮液及水預措者為佳，經低溫貯運1星期後其葉失水下垂黃化也最少。貯運品質黃色之「雁之妃」和「黃秀芳」最佳，紅色之「香港紅」最不耐貯運。硫代硫酸銀預措與硝酸銀1000ppm效果相近。含蔗塘5%保鮮液（內含200ppm8-HQS及25ppm硝酸銀）預措2小時，經1星期低溫貯藏後瓶插於水，常較不吸水之對照為差。低溫貯運效果大於預措之效果，貯運1星期時1℃比5℃為佳。故建議臺菊輸日，田間採收修整後，立刻以硝酸銀1000ppm預措10分鐘後，插於水中等候裝箱，使用強風預冷，並採用冷藏貨櫃以海運運輸，其貯運品質較現行常溫空運為理想。

Bud cut chrysanthemum harvested in winter-spring season, were pretreated with different chemicals and stored at different temperatures. Flowers stored at 1 or 5℃ for 7 days had better qualities and less weight loss than stored at room temperature or 20℃ for 2 or 4 days. The yellow cultivars of ”Huang-Hsiu-Fang” and ”Yen-Chih-Fei” had better keeping quality than red cultivar of ”Hong-Kong-Red”. Stems pretreated with AgNO3 1000 ppm for 10 minutes or silver thiosulfate (STS) 1 mM for 2 hours had better vase quality than pretreated with preservative (5% sucrose+200 ppm 8-HQS+25 ppm AgNO3) or tap water. Stems pretreated with preservative for 2 hours and then vased in tap water had shorter vase-life than vased in preservative due to infection of microbes at the end of stem. In several long term (7 days) simulated sea-shipped experiment of cut mums, flowers had better quality than that of uncontrolled air-shipped flowers for a much shorter period (2 or 4 days) by combining pulsing in AgNO3 1000 ppm for 10 minutes, precooling and transport under refrigeration at 1-5℃.