利用穴植盤培育番茄菌根苗及其田間生長之反應

Production of Mycorrhizal Tomato Seedlings by Plug System and Their Growth Responses in the Field

適當控制穴植盤育苗條件，可成功地大量生產番茄菌根苗。有效的育 苗條件為在穴植盤種類選擇上以128格優於30格，72格及288格育苗盤，能兼顧植株生長及形成相當的菌根感染率；在介質種類上以BVB四號介質或BVB四號：蛭石l:1（v/v）混合介質進行接種效果最好：在接種量控制上，128格穴植盤每格中至少需接種2克接種源（或至少50粒孢子）始能有穩定的菌根感染率；在接種位置的考量上，介質表面覆砂式接種所形成的感染效果較差，而以接種於介質中央，或是將孢子土混在介質中能有較多菌根形成；在肥料的調配上，磷施用濃度必須調到15ppm左右會有最好的感染效果。田間栽培番茄穴植菌根苗結果顯示接種效果受到了栽培品種及栽培季節影響。在栽培品種上，以「台中亞蔬四號」品種的菌根促進效果最佳，而「農友301」及「聖女」品種則接種效果較差；而在栽培季節上，則以秋作接種效果最佳， 以「台中亞蔬四號」番茄而言，接種繡球屬菌種則平均產果量可明顯增加30%。這些不同的接種試驗結果顯示了菌根菌的生物特性，未來若能充分掌握接種及應用相關因子，即能有效利用菌根菌於農作物的生產。

Mass production of mycorrhizal tomato seedlings could be achieved by proper management on plug system, Among plug types, 128-celled plug was superior than 30-celled, 72-celled and 288-celled for the best fitting of better plant growth and higher mycorrhizal infection; Medium of the BVB #4 or a BVB #4: vermiculite 1:1 (v/v) mixture provided better growth of mycorrhizal seedlings; Inoculum of at least 2 grams (about 50 VAMF spores) should be used in each cell for a steady performance of mycorrhizal formation; Surface inoculation was found less efficient in forming mycorrhizal structure than either a middle site inoculation or a medium medium-inoculum mixture; The phosphorus concentration in fertilizers should be set around 15 ppm to ensure higher mycorrhizal colonization. In addition, these plug mycorrhizal seedlings were further transplanted to the field, to access the practical mycorrhizal enhancement. The field trial results showed that the growth echancement by mycorrhiza was affected by the cultivars as well as the planting seasons. Among 3 tomato cultivars tested, cv. Tai-Chung AVRDC #4 showed higher mycorrhizal promotion than the other two Known-You cultivars. As for the planting season, an autumn crop revealed more mycorrhizal benefits than the winter and spring crops. From the best field performance, the inoculation of T. C. AVRDC #4 cultivar with VAMF Glomus spp. resulted in 30% increase of tomato fruit yield. The variation of the field trial results revealed the biological characteristics of mycorrhiza, and furthermore indicated that the practical use of mycorrhizal in agriculture is possible, provided environmental factors were well understood and controlled.