蓮屬的形態特性及分類

Morphological Feature and Classification of Nelumbo

蓮屬具特殊的形態。其根由鬚狀不定根構成，根、莖及葉柄含發達的 通氣組織，維管束散生。葉序沿著根莖呈現三個一組，其間無節間。花腋生，軸射對稱，兩性花，下位，眾多心皮所構成的雌蕊群分別埋在花托內，雄蕊的末端具附屬物，花粉為三溝形，子房一邊有隆肉。種子內有子葉二片及綠色的胚芽，無胚乳。關於蓮屬的分類有許多不同的看法。傳統的分類將蓮屬歸在睡蓮科，然目前多數學者支持將蓮屬由睡蓮科中獨立出來成蓮目的地位。此外，在品種方面，蓮依其瓣化程度、用途、花色、花徑、體型、及花的生物學和細胞學特性，亦有不同的分類方式。

Nelumbo had particular morphologies. The roots are adventitious and fibrous. They are rich in arenchyma in roots, rhizomes, and petioles with scattered vascular bundles. Along the rhizome traids of foliar structures arise with no extension of interodes between the members of a traid. The flower is actinomorphic, perfect, and hypogynous. Carpels immersed individually in the cavities of receptacles. Pollen are 3-olpate, and there are appendages at the end of stamen. A hump was developed on one side of ovary. Seeds are classification included the genus within the Nymphaeaceae. However, considering many special morphological features, present studies support its systematic position belonged to Nelumbonales. There are many ways to classify N. nucifera, such as color, flower size, plant size, etc. The florobiology and cytology features of Nelumbo were discussed.