檬果栽培種之性狀調查與性狀間相關性研究

Studies on Different Characters and Their Correlations of Mango Cultivars

利用十種六年生以上的檬果栽培種為材料，進行檬果不同品種間的葉 片、花穗、小花及果實等各性狀間的調查比較，並用生統分析，探討各性狀間的相關性，以期提高檬果育種效率，降低檬果育種成本。依試驗結果顯示檬果果型大小可歸納為三類，即大果種：果重在700公 克以上，生育日數較長約150天以上，如‘金煌’、‘Keitta’；中果種：果重在250～350公克之間，生育期中等約130～140天之間，如‘Irwin’、‘White’、‘Nam Dok Mai’‘Pim Sen Man’等；小果種：果重在200公克以下，生育日數較短，在120天以下，如本地種、‘Dashehari’和‘Ruby’等。可見小果種成熟期比大果種成熟期有較早的趨勢。檬果花穗、小花與果實等三者間的顏色具有相關性存在，即穗軸與小花黃綠色者其成熟果實果皮呈黃綠色；穗軸粉紅色小花黃白色者成熟果實為黃綠色；及穗軸與小花均呈粉紅色者成熟果皮呈紅橙色等三種類型。大果種檬果單穗著果率低，小果種單穗著果率高，可達8個左右。單穗著果數超過3個或3個以上者有益於植株產量的增加與穩定。種子重與葉片重、葉面積、花穗長度、果重間有極顯著的正相關，相關係數皆在0.868以上；果肉率與單穗著果數間有極顯著的負相關性（R=-0.893）；與葉片重呈現顯著的正相關性（R=0.633）。花穗長與葉片重及葉面積間也有極顯著正相關，相關係數在0.833以上。

Correlation studies among ten traits of mango (Mangifera indica L.) were estimated from ten mango cultivars. Most of the cultivars were all over six years old. Biostatistics was used to determine the correlation of each character among the cultivars in order to improve the efficiency of mango breeding as well as to reduce the breeding costs. The fruit weight could be classified into three types: big-sized ones such as 'Ching Hwang' and 'Keitt' averagely weighed above 700g with a long fruit growth period over 150 days, medium-sized fruits such as 'Irwin', 'white', 'Nam Dok Mai', and 'Pim Sen Man' weighed from 250 to 350g with a fruit growth period of 130~140 days and small-sized fruits such as local variety, 'Dashehari', and 'Ruby' less than 200g with a fruit growth period of about 120 days. Small-sized cultivars tended to ripe earlier than big-sized cultivars. The panicle colors, small flower color and fruit skin color associations were classified into three types. The first type was yellow- greenish panicle axil and yellow small-flower with a ripening yellow-green skin color. The second was pink panicle axil and whitish-yellow small-flower with a ripening yellow-green skin color. The last type was pink panicle axil and pink small flower with a ripening orange-red skin color. Fruit setting number of each panicle was very low in big-sized cultivars while that of the small-sized cultivars was high up to eight fruits per panicle. Correlation coefficient of different associated characteristics was above 0.868 for seed weight, leaf weigth, leaf area, panicle length and fruit weight among the cultivars. The percentage of pulp and fruit set number per panicle were very significantly negative correlated (-0.893). It was more than 0.833 for panicle length, leaf weight and leaf area.