居民對水圳的環境價值認知與構築形式偏好之研究

Resident's Cognition toward Irrigation Canal's Environmental Values and Type's Preference

水源與灌溉水圳的分佈對農村聚落之發展有密不可分的淵源關係，本研究目的在探討農業地區居民對水圳的環境價值與構築形式偏好間的關係，分析居民的社經背景屬性不同，對於農村地區灌溉水圳的環境價值（生活、生產、生態和景觀遊憩）認知差異，及對水圳構築形式（虹吸管、渡槽、混凝土、卵石和泥土草溝）偏好的差異分析。於臺中縣新社鄉抽樣調查429戶，有效問卷401戶。研究建立24項測量居民水圳環境價值認知量表，並由因素分析得到六項水圳環境價值認知因素為：「農業生產」、「環境生態」、「農村生活」、「景觀遊憩」、「解說教育」與「供水限制」。研究結果顯示，居民背景屬性不同，對水圳的環境價值認知及水圳的形式偏好有顯著差異。年紀較長、從事農業、教育程度較低、居住時間長之居民，有水圳灌溉系統經過地區的居民，對水圳的農業生產、生活價值與供水限制措施認同度最高，且較偏好混凝土的水圳形式。年紀較輕、教育程度較高、家庭所得較高之居民，對水圳的生態、景觀遊憩價值認同度最高，且較偏好卵石、泥土草溝形式。教育程度較高、農業所得較高及有虹吸管經過的居民，顯著較喜歡虹吸管形式。由研究結果得知居民的年齡、是否從事農業、教育程度和居住時間對水圳的環境價值認知及構築形式偏好最為相關。最後，提出對水圳管理利用方式之建議，期能對新社鄉農村地區的產業升級與農村生活品質改善有實質的助益。

Water resource and irrigation distribution is vital to the development of rural area. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between residents' environmental values and preferences of irrigation canal types. The effect of socio-demographic characteristics of residents' on environmental values (agricultural production, living, ecology, and recreation) and preferences among five canal construction types toward irrigation canal were examined. There were 401 valid subjects which were selected by system sampling method from 6807 Shinshe Shiang county households. Twenty-four items of environmental values were developed from the conceptual framework. A factor analysis was used to produce six factors: agricultural production, environmental ecology, rural living, landscape recreation, education, and water providing constraint. The results showed that there were significant relationships between socio-demographic characteristics and residents’ environmental values and canal types. The elderly, these with a lower educational level, or a longer period of residence, farmers, and residents living in the irrigation cannel pass-by area were more likely to agree with the production, living, and water providing values of cannels, they also tend to prefer the concrete type. The younger, those with a higher educational level, higher household income had higher scores in ecological and recreational values; they preferred the types of pebble, soil ditch, and siphon materials. The results showed that age, occupation, educational level, and period of residence are most important factors associated with the environmental values and preferences toward types of irrigation canals. The implications for further practical applications in term of improving the quality of living in rural area and managing strategies of canals are also suggested.