香蕉突變育種研究的回顧與前瞻

Mutation Breeding in Bananas--An Overview

食用香蕉品種改良主要途徑包括引種、雜交育種、誘變育種以及體細胞變異（somaclonal variation）的選拔。早期香蕉誘變育種多為誘變方法的探討，包括輻射線及化學誘變劑的應用。自從香苞組織培養技術發展以來，使香葺誘變育種研究向前邁進，頗有成果。體細胞變異屬自發性突變，對香蕉抗病選種及園藝性狀的改良均有卓越成效。本文回顧近年來有關香苞突變育種研究概況，從而探討應用人工誘變技術進行選育抗病新品種的可行性。

There are several approaches to the improvement of banana cultivars, such as introduction, hybridization, induced mutation and selection from somaclonal variants, etc. Early investigation of induced mutation aimed at the development of methodology including treatments with radiation or chemical mutagens. After the development of meristem culture in bananas, a great success has been achieved in the research in the works of induced mutation in bananas. Somaclonal variation is a kind of spontaneous mutation. It has been successfully used for a selection of disease resistant clones and for improvement of horticultural traits in bananas. This paper describes the status of banana mutation breeding in recent years. The feasibility of using induced mutation for selection for disease resistance in banana is also discussed.