應用同功酶、逢機擴大多型性核醣核酸及形態特徵研究糙莖鐵炮百合與台灣百合之分類地位

A Study on the Taxonomic Relationship of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. var. scabrum Masamune and L. longiflorum Thunb. var. formosanum Baker Based on Isozyme, RAPD, and Morphological Characters

本研究係將溫研究所得之糙莖鐵炮百合與台灣百合族群之外部形態、同功酶電泳及逢機擴大多型性核醣核酸數據合併分析，以作為處理二者分類地位之依據。形態資料分析結果顯示百合族群可分為糙莖鐵炮百合、台灣百合之中低海拔族群及高海拔台灣百合族群等三大群，台灣百合之兩大群先歸在一起後再與糙莖鐵炮百合族群連結，顯見糙莖鐵炮百合與台灣百合之外部形態特徵確有明顯不同。同功酶分析結果顯示二者之遺傳距離最遠者為0.033，亦即相似度高達0.967，而歸群結果無法明顯區分二者，主座標分析顯示稍有分群趨勢，且糙莖鐵炮百合與台灣百合之變種內遺傳相似性值平均為0.993，變種間為0.923，顯示二者在同功酶電泳分析上仍略有差異。逢機擴大多型性核醣核酸分析結果顯示遺傳距離指數最高者為糙莖鐵炮百合金山族群與台灣百合天池族群（0.0917），最低者為台灣百合之霧社與合歡山族群（0.0156），而歸群結果顯示所有之台灣百合族群可歸成一群，再漸次加入糙莖鐵炮百合之南、東、北部族群。綜合形態特徵、同功酶及逢機擴大多型性核醣核酸之分析結果，本研究建議將糙莖鐵炮百合與台灣百合以變種處理較為恰當。

The present study summarized the results of Wen (1988) in which the relationship between Lilium longiflorum Thunb. var. scabrum Masamune and L. longiflorum. var. formosanum Baker was investigated using isozyme, RAPD, and morphological characters. The morphological study revealed that the populations were grouped into three main groups of variety longiflorum, low to middle altitude populations of variety formosanum, and high altitude populations of variety formosanum. The populations of variety formosanum joined together first before they were joined by the populations of variety longiflorum. The result indicated that there is morphological differentiation between the two taxa studied. The isozyme analysis revealed that the largest genetic distance between populations of two tans was 0.033 (similarity 0.967) and the result of cluster analysis did not group the two taxa into two clusters, The principal coordinate analysis revealed that there was a slight tendency of the grouping according to taxa. The average similarity between populations within lava was 0.993 while the average similarity among populations between lava was 0.923. These evidences indicated that there was a slight isozyme differentiation between taxa. The RAPD analysis revealed that the largest IGD value (0.0917) was between Jiashan population of variety longiflorum and Tenchu population of variety formosanum while the smallest IGD (0.0156) was between Wusheh and Hohuanshan populations of variety formosanum. The result of cluster analysis showed that the populations of variety formosanum were linked as a group first before they were joined by the southern, eastern, and northern populations of variety 1ongflorum. The results of isozyme, RAPD, and morphological studies indicated that the two taxa are better treated as two varieties of L. longiflorum than as two independent species.