性別與社經因子對都市公園安全認知差異之影響

Effects of Gender and Sociodemographic Characteristics to Safety Cognition of Urban Parks

性別不只是生理上男女之別，也含有社會的期望和文化的角色定位。本文先檢測性別與個人社經特性及活動自主性的關聯性，其次探討性別與個人特性對公園空間安全認知及對公園設施改善需求的差異。研究結果顯示男女性在教育程度、個人所得、使用交通工具和到公園的同伴上有顯著差異。公園空間安全認知因素包括設施不安全性、環境維護、空間辨識性、厭惡性活動干擾、社交領域干擾和軀體領域干擾六個向度。女性較男性對公園厭惡性活動干擾、設施不安全性、軀體領域干擾及環境維護問題均有較強烈的認知。個人特性之教育程度、使用交通工具和去公園的同伴亦顯示出在都市公園中有不同的安全認知。本文並提出改善公園設施安全的建議，包含空間包被性和進出口控制，社會性活動監督，容易辨識的環境，社區鄰里組織網絡，加強警力組織和建立安全求救的系統等。

From theoretical gender perspectives, gender is not just the difference in biological sex, but also a function of social expect and cultural interpretations. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships of gender and sociodemographic characteristics to safety cognition in urban parks. First of all, this study addressed the differences of personal factors between men and women. The data demonstrated that educational levels, income, travel instruments, and partner-types going to parks were different between men and women. The six dimensions of safety-cognition included: facility unsafe, environmental maintenance, spatial legibility, hatred activity, body-territory defense and body-territory defense. Several differences emerged between men and women in terms of facility unsafe, environmental maintenance, hatred activity, and body-territory defense. Sociodemographic characteristics are related to educational level, transportation, and partner-type to go to parks had influence in safety-cognition. Some suggestions, such as spatial openness and entrance controlling, social-activities inspection, park legibility enhancement, social-networks establishment, environment maintenance improvement, and safety system establishment, were proposed.