傅正三論〈青年反共救國團（撤銷）問題〉與分析

On Fu Cheng's Three Remarks Concerning Disbandment of China Youth Corps: Issues and Analysis

本文探究威權時期，長期扮演指導與動員青年事務的「中國青年反共救國團」（現已經改名為社團法人「中國青年救國團」，以下簡稱「救國團」）與執政的中國國民黨之關連。救國團成立時就是一個國民黨建立的政治性附隨組織，而且是蔣經國透過黨國力量非法製造出來的，在解嚴後才取得合法的人民團體身份。救國團早期的資源與影響力都是在威權時期在黨國協助下所累積，理應在轉型正義中被重新審視。傅正當時認為：1.救國團本質是政治性組織。2.救國團是黨國的青運組織。3.救國團是不合法的「黑機關」。4.救國團疊床架屋紊亂體制。5.救國團排擠資源浪費公帑。6.救國團不具專業亂搞軍訓。7.救國團妨礙青年學習發展。8.救國團是特定派系小圈圈。本文以1950與60年代，傅正在《自由中國》雜誌擔任編輯時期，批判救國團相關的政論文章為核心，以政治史的角度進行歷史真相的探討。除了介紹傅正的相關見解之外，也透過近年解密與公開的政府檔案資料，來驗證傅正救國團觀點的正確度，並補充說明傅正當時沒有注意的的部分：如滲透到國中童軍課程與協助蔣經國派對台籍精英的甄補。根據威權時期的文獻資料，包括當時政府內部檔案與當事人的報導揭發，回顧，我們發現傅正的文章確實具有「先知性」與內幕性，而這可能和他與國民黨、救國團的人脈淵源有關。

This article investigates the connections between the ruling KMT and China Youth Anti-Communist National Salvation Corps (now known as Corporate China Youth Corps), a long-time organization for directing and mobilizing youth. China Youth Corps was established as a political affiliated organization by KMT; in addition, it was illegally founded through the power of party-state system by Chiang Ching-Kuo. Despite acquiring its legal status after the lift of Martial Law, China Youth Corps, accumulating its resources and influence via the assistance of party-state system during the authoritarian period, should be re-scrutinized by transitional justice process. With a view to exploring the historical truth from the perspective of political history, this article focuses on the political reviews criticizing China Youth Anti-Communist National Salvation Corps (CYC) written by Fu Cheng during the 1950s and 1960s. The views expressed by Fu Cheng include the following: CYC by its nature is political; CYC is a youth movement organization of the party-state system; CYC is an illegal underground agency; CYC is redundant and overlaps with similar government agencies; CYC, squeezing resources, is a waste of public funds; CYC spoils military training courses due to its lack of professionality; CYC impedes youth development; CYC is a specific political faction. Apart from introducing Fu Cheng's viewpoints, this article intends to examine the correctness of Fu Cheng's views towards CYC and to complement what Fu fails to notice by utilizing recent declassified files and documents, such as the infiltration into scout training courses in junior high school and the cooperation with Chiang Chin-Kuo's faction to arrest Taiwanese elites. We find Fu a prophet and insider after reviewing the historical files and documents in the authoritarian period, which may reflect his KMT and CYC connections.