原住民和移住民：依沙‧卡馬里小說的歷史記憶與身份認同追尋

The Native and The Settler: Searching for the Identity and Historical Memory of Isa Kamari's Novel

伊沙‧卡馬里（Isa Kamari）是新加坡著名馬來小說家，他的長篇小說Rawa－－Tragedi Pulau Batu Puteh於2016年由陳妙華譯成中文，名為《剌哇──白礁島悲劇》。小說以新加坡原住民為主題，一般被描述為一部記憶之書。然而，若聯結至小說家另一部早期中篇小說Satu bumi《一片熱土》（亦由陳妙華於1999年譯出），實可追溯小說家一以貫之的創作關懷。兩部小說緊扣新加坡的反殖史與現代史，探討少數族群的身份認同，無論是《剌哇──白礁島悲劇》中的主角──被喻為海上原住民的實里達人（Orang seletar，馬來語），抑或《一片熱土》裡「成為馬來人」的華裔穆斯林，皆說明有關馬來人族裔身份的認定與文化認同，不斷受到歷史變遷、政治變動與族群邊界的重構與繪製的影響。本文通過兩部中文翻譯小說──《一片熱土》與《剌哇──白礁島悲劇》，試圖勾勒出新加坡馬來小說家的歷史記憶與身份認同的追尋途徑，探討小說如何思索有關「原住民」（the native）、「移住民」（the settler）的辯證關係，追問島嶼歷史的族群正義與人道主義。與此同時，藉由伊沙‧卡馬里小說中虛實交錯的拷問，亦可窺探在後殖民情境下，新加坡少數族群的身份認同、歷史文化與族群的生存際遇。

Isa Kamari is a famous Malay novelist in Singapore. His novel Rawa was translated into Chinese by Chen Miaohua in 2016 Rawa is based on the story of Singapore indegenous and is generally described as a book of memory. However, if we link the story of Rawa to Isa Kamari earlier novel titled of One Earth (also translated by Chen Miaohua in 1999), obviously we can traced his continuous concern in his creative writing. The two novels closely related to Singapore's anti-colonial history and modern history, which is intended to explore the identity of minority groups--the Seletar people who is known as the aboriginal of the sea or the Chinese Muslims who became “Malays” In recent days, their identities and historical memories are deeply influenced by historical and political changes, and also the reconstruction of ethnic boundaries. This article attempts to draw out the concern of historical memory and identity of Singaporean Malay novelist through his Malay translated novels. Try to explore about the dialectical relationship between the native and the settler in Singapore modern history, questioning about the issue of ethnic justice. Moreover, searching for the identity, historical culture and the survival of the minority ethnic groups in Singapore post-colonial context.