三～五歲幼兒無字圖畫書敘述之縱貫性研究：基本語言指標

A Longitudinal Study of Non-Word Picture Book Narrations in Three- to Five-Year-Olds: Basic Language Measures

本研究目的在探究三～五歲幼兒故事敘述基本語言指標之年齡發展與相關性。本研究針對28名三歲幼兒的無字圖畫書故事敘述表現進行為期兩年共五時點之縱貫性追蹤。幼兒故事敘述表現以錄音紀錄且轉譯為CHAT格式，並分析平均輪替詞數、平均語句長度、總詞彙數、相異詞彙數、校正後相異詞出現率與詞彙多樣性六項基本語言指標之年齡發展與相關性。研究結果顯示，幼兒故事敘述的六項基本語言指標多呈現隨著年齡而成長的趨勢，但平均語句長度、校正後相異詞出現率與詞彙多樣性在部分年齡階段呈現向下修正的調整。在控制年齡因子後，平均語句長度、總詞彙數、相異詞彙數與詞彙多樣性具有顯著正相關。針對研究結果，本文進行討論並提出結論與未來研究建議。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of and relationships among basic language measures of storytelling in three- to five-year-old children. Twenty-eight three-year-olds participated in this two-year longitudinal study and were asked to tell a story after reading a wordless picture book at five time points. The children's stories were tape recorded and transcribed using the CHAT format. Their performance in measures of mean length of turn (MLT), mean length of utterance (MLU), total number of words (TNW, token), total number of different words (NDW, type of words), corrected type-token ratio (CTTR) and diversity of words (vocd) across the five time points was analyzed and compared. The results revealed that children's performance in the six basic language measures tended to improve with age, but the values children received in MLU, CTTR and vocd had decreasing adjustments in particular age periods. By controlling the age factor, there were significantly positive correlations among MLU, TNW, NDW and vocd. Discussion about the results and suggestions for future research are provided.