兩岸廉政專責機構之比較研究──以中華人民共和國監察部與中華民國法務部廉政署為例

A Comparative Study of Anti-Corruption Institutions: China's Surveillance Department and Taiwan's Agency Against Corruption

中華人民共和國目前仍處於威權政治體制，國家部門相互之間無法形成有效的制約。在中國共產黨權力貫穿黨、政、軍三大系統的狀況下，各個系統與官僚均缺乏有效的監督及制衡機制，貪腐乃成為中華人民共和國國家治理的普遍問題，自也同時阻礙了中華人民共和國往現代化國家的進程發展。我國自法務部廉政署成立以來，在國際透明組織的清廉印象指數的表現上一向使中華人民共和國難以望其項背，雖在亞洲四小龍當中僅勝過南韓，但穩定成長的表現顯示，我國對於貪腐問題所挹注的努力，正反映在所獲得的成績中。本文針對兩岸主要的中央政府反貪腐專責機構：中華人民共和國的監察部與中華民國臺灣的法務部廉政署的職權與功能作一比較性研究，運用文獻分析法及比較研究法，從兩岸政治及發展歷程，比較彼此制度的異同，對照發掘出各自問題的癥結，期能歸納出各自的利弊得失與提出改革的可行性建議。

China currently still has an authoritarian system in which the branches of government are unable to effectively exert mutual restraints on power. Because the party, government and military systems are controlled by the Communist Party of China, administrative power is not subject to proper checks and balances, allowing corruption to flourish and creating an obstacle to China taking her place as a modern developed country. According to the Corruption Perception Index released by Transparency International, Taiwan has performed better than China since the Agency Against Corruption was established. Although among the Asian Four Little Dragons Taiwan's ranking surpasses only South Korea's, steady improvement reflected in international evaluations shows that anti-corruption efforts in Taiwan have had some success. This article compares the anti-corruption institutions of Taiwan and China, using documental and comparative analysis to examine differences in political systems and historical development. The study aims to reveal the crux of the problem and to raise feasible recommendations for reform.