新自由主義全球化時代勞動所的份額下降之探討

Investigating the Falling Global Labor Income Share in the Era of Neo-liberal Globalization

本文的主旨，在於從新自由主義全球化時代背景切入，探討全球勞動所得份額下降之原因及因應解決之道。本文首先指出各國實行新自由主義全球化開放市場策略下的勞動陷阱，即一方面是彈性勞動市場改革，卻伴隨著新科技的發展，而造成勞資關係個人化及工作外移；另一方面是金融資本當道和金融危機影響就業復甦和成長。本文接著分析勞動所得份額長期下降的全球圖像，包括全球勞動所得份額與實質薪資下降，以及金融自由化後資本報酬大增而壓縮勞動所得份額。本文進而探究勞動所得份額下降的社會經濟後果，主要是全球工作貧窮問題持續和社會不平等擴大，以及全球風起雲湧的反新自由主義削勞工與社會不公運動。本文最後指出，要根本解決勞動所得份額下|降與勞工就業與貧窮困境之道，在於各國必須追求勞資政一體的公平永續發展，不但各國要朝向改革式社會民主與經濟民主，以達到勞資公平分配，而且也要全面維護勞動力的工作能力與就業保障，才能達成經濟和社會的永續發展。

This study investigates the causes of falling global labor income share in the era of neo-liberal globalization and potential policy responses to this problem. It first identifies labor traps caused by market-openness strategies undertaken by states under neo-liberal globalization. On the one hand, flexible labor market reforms accompanied with new technological progress made labor relations individualized and caused job flight. On the other hand, finance capital and financial crises affected employment recovery and growth. Secondly, the study analyzes global profiles of long-term falling labor share, including downward trends of labor share and real wages, as well as big increases in finance capital return compressing labor income share. It goes a step further to analyze socio-economic consequences of falling labor share, mainly globally persistent in-work poverty and greater social inequality, as well as overwhelming anti-neoliberalism movements by workers and social groupings. Finally, this article presents solutions to falling labor share and laborers' employment and poverty dilemmas which emphasize the pursuit of equal and sustainable development. Nations must not only move toward reform-style social democracy and economic democracy, but also need to provide overall maintenance of workers' abilities and employment protections so as to achieve sustainable socio-economic development.