國外離岸風場引入保險之關鍵議題

Key Issues of Offshore Windfarms from an Insurance Perspective

自1970年代能源危機觸動替代性能源的需求法國巴黎協議簽訂以來，風力發電在技術大幅提升於綠色能源中異軍突起，這對於自然能源匱乏，但擁有優良風場的台灣而言，發展海上發電不啻是發展綠色能源中的優良選擇。本文探討現今離岸風力發電的發展趨勢與所面臨的挑戰，主要由一、離岸風場在各階段所面臨的風險，其中包含前期的選址、中期的工程階段到後期營運階段的風險。二、由市場技術與趨勢所產生的相應風險。三、借鏡歐洲過去的成功與失敗經驗紀錄可作為台灣發展離岸風力發電的重要參考。應對上述風險援用國外的「海上風電工程作業守則」（OCoP）作為離岸風電工程風險管理指南，並搭配獨立的海事檢驗師（MWS）為協力廠商單位去確認各步驟的落實與過程安全。但在因應台灣特有的海域特性及天然災害，如海底下沙土層液化、颱風、地震、雷擊、洋流等，具有在地風險特色考量的設計、施工、規劃、風險管理與第三方驗證才能確保離岸風力發電順遂推行。

Since the energy crisis touched the demand for alternative energy in the 1970s, and the signing of the Paris Agreement in France, wind power has sharp growth in green energy. For Taiwan, where natural resource is limited and homeland is small. Developing offshore wind power is one of the good choice for developing green energy especially Taiwan Strait with the excellent wind field. This paper has reported the challenges of offshore wind farm and the uncertainty of current development trend. It highlight the risk exposure during different stage from initial feasibility study, site selection, erection, operation to decommission. Past loss experience shows the type of loss and the severity of a potential loss case. Offshore Code of Practice (OCoP) and independent marine inspector (MWS) are used in Europe offshore wind farm to carry out the risk management. This risk management method can be a good reference for Taiwan. In addition, regards to Taiwan's unique sea characteristics and natural disasters, a specific design, construction, planning, risk management and third-party verification to compliant with Taiwan's special condition can ensure offshore wind farm to be implemented smoothly as well as operated successfully.