「恨鐵不成鋼」與「恰如其分」：不同年代出生者對目前大學生角色知覺之研究

The Perceptions of Different Generations on the Undergraduate Roles

本研究旨在探討1940至1990六個年代出生者對目前大學生角色（含理想角色、實際角色、及角色差距）之知覺。採自編大學生角色知覺量表，以大學生、大學教師及社會人士共2,903位為調查樣本，回收資料以SPSS for Windows 21.0版套裝軟體之次數分配、單因子多變項分析、薛費事後多重比較分析法來進行資料處理與分析。研究發現：（一）不同年代出生者對大學生理想角色之知覺，在品格養成之期望最高，在社會參與之期望最低，有博雅優於專業之現象。（二）不同年代出生者對目前大學生實際角色之知覺，認為自我形塑之實踐程度最高，探索學習之實踐程度最低。（三）不同年代出生者對目前大學生角色差距之知覺，在探索學習、素養陶冶之差距較大，在社會參與及自我形塑之差距較小。（四）1990s出生者對大學生角色的知覺是低期望、高實踐、差距較小，而其他出生年代的出生者則是高期望、低實踐、差距較大，猶如年輕人「恰如其分」與年長者「恨鐵不成鋼」之對比。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ideal roles, real roles, and role discrepancies that different generations perceived on Taiwanese undergraduates. In total, 2,903 subjects who consisted of undergraduates, professors, and citizens participated in this study, and a self-developed Role Perceptions on Undergraduates Inventory was used as an instrument. The survey data were statistically analyze by descriptive statistics, the multivariate analysis of variance, and the Scheffé post hoc test. The findings of this study indicated that the highest and the lowest ideal-role-expectation were the moral development and the society participation respectively, while the liberal had a higher priority of ideal-role-expectation than did professional. All generations have perceived that the highest and the lowest performance of the undergraduate real roles were self-construction and exploring learning respectively. Moreover, all generations also have perceived that the larger role discrepancies were exploring learning and literacy cultivation, whereas the smaller role discrepancies were society participation and self-construction. The role expectations of the subjects born in 1990s had the characteristics of a lower expectation, a higher performance and a smaller discrepancy. On the other hand, those of the subjects born in the years other than 1990s had a higher expectation, a lower performance, and a larger discrepancy.