臺灣災後遷村政策之演變與問題

Review of Post-Disaster Village Relocation Policy in Taiwan

本文針對台灣因災難而推動之遷村政策進行檢視及討論，並提出非政府組織參與遷村之新模式。本文首先回顧遷村政策之發展與演變歷程，並對照介紹財團法人九二一震災重建基金會在遷村工作上之推動方法，藉以討論政府、非政府組織與遷住戶之角色權責與分工合作關係。其次，以數個遷村實例，說明遷移過程中所產生之議題，並由實例中整理出遷村成功或失敗之可能因素。最後，對於台灣於災難後所引發之遷村議題，提出從政策面到實際執行層面之相關建議。

This article aims to discuss Taiwan's village relocation policy and to introduce the role of NGOs participating in the process of relocation following natural disasters. It first begins with a review of the historical development of governmental disaster-induced village relocation policy. In addition, the 921 Earthquake Relief Foundation responses to this issue are also introduced to illustrate the partnership developed between the government and the villagers. Next, several examples of the planned village relocation in Taiwan are presented, and issues related to the practice of village relocation are discussed. Factors linked to successes and/or failures during the process of relocation are also outlined. Finally, suggestions regarding the disaster victims' willingness and ability to organize the rebuilding or relocation process are provided, and the government's responsibilities and provisions regarding financial incentives, housing options, and the practical problems of housing construction are explained.