原住民族土地權的挑戰：從一個當代保留地交易的區域研究談起

Challenges for the Realization of Indigenous Land Rights in Contemporary Taiwan: A Regional Study of Indigenous Reserved Land Trade between Indigenous and Non-indigenous People

台灣原住民族的還我土地運動在1993年提出「自然主權」的概念後，從早期要求政府歸還個別土地的主張，進入了重新調整國家和原住民族在土地權上之關係的訴求，在過去十幾年間，學界對於原住民族土地的研究興趣，也從保留地轉移到傳統領域、自然資源、生態知識等面向。這樣的轉變，顯示了我國對於原住民族土地權的思考進入了一個更全面、宏觀的架構，但另一方面，對於保留地在過去十幾年來發生之變化以及當前現況之瞭解的不足，也潛藏了政策設計缺乏實證參考、原住民族土地權雖以落實的隱憂。有鑑於此，本文之研究以某山地原住民鄉中之區域為案例，結合民族誌研究方法與地理資訊系統等工具，描述此區域中近年來保留地利用情況的變化、原漢保留地交易的機制，並進一步指出當前形塑原鄉土地開發的政經結構。最後，本文從田野實證經驗檢視原住民族土地政策，對原住民族土地權之落實提出建議。

The purpose of this study is to reveal the present situation of the trade in Indigenous Reserved Land between indigenous and non-indigenous people, and to show how it challenges the realization of indigenous land rights in Taiwan. In 1993, Taiwan's indigenous peoples' “3rd Return My Land Movement＂ shifted the goal from increasing the amount of Indigenous Reserved Lands, the land parcels reserved for the “protection＂ of indigenous livelihood since the Japanese colonial era, to the recognition of inherent indigenous sovereignty. The movement prompted a certain response from the government after 2000, and inspired a wealth of studies of indigenous traditional territories covering much wider areas than the current Indigenous Reserved Lands. This marks a millstone for indigenous land rights in Taiwan However, on the other hand, the relatively low concern with Indigenous Reserved Land in the past decade led to an ambiguous understanding of the present situation of Indigenous Reserved Lands under rapidly changing circumstances. Combining the method of ethnographic study with the Geographical Information System, this study reviews the transition of land use in the researched area, describes the newly emerged broker mechanism, and analyzes the newly shaped political-economic structure dominating land development in indigenous townships. In conclusion, this paper re-examines indigenous land policies and makes suggestions as to how to realize indigenous land rights in contemporary Taiwan.