試論副詞「並」的歷史發展

On the Diachronic Development of the Adverb BING

前人長期關注「并」的發展，「並」的歷史演變受到忽視。本文透過語料庫的資料，排除「并」與「併」的用例，考察副詞「並」的產生及發展演變的過程，並以語法化理論對其演變提出初步的解釋。表並列、並排的動詞「並」在先秦時期發展為方式副詞。魏晉南北朝之後，「並」在方式副詞的基礎上衍生出範圍副詞用法，之後轉為語氣副詞。「並」經歷了以下的語法化鏈（grammaticalization cline）：動詞→方式副詞→範圍副詞→語氣副詞。引發副詞「並」語法化的機制包括：重新分析、類推、語用推理、轉喻、主觀化。此語法化鏈展現了去範疇化、專一化、層次化、存古化等語法化特徵。尾末透過「並」的歷時考察，進一步探索誘發此語法化過程的普遍機制。

The study aims to explore the diachronic developmemt of the verb BING along the grammaticalization cline into an adverb. Based on the in-depth examination of corpus data, it is argued that BING is developed from a full-fledged verb into a manner adverb, through a scope adverb and then into a mood adverb. We propose a preliminary account for the grammaticalization of the adverb BING in terms of reanalysis, analogy, pragmatic inference, metonymy and subjectivisation. The evolvement exhibits grammaticalizaion characteristics, such as decategorization, specialization, persistence and layering. In concluding we try to fathom the universal mechanisms to trigger such a grammaticaliztion process.