莊子「聖人無名」解

An Explanation of Zhuangzi's ＂Nameless Sage＂

本文旨在從「聖人無名」的角度切入，探討莊子思想對於「名」的詮釋角度和認知立場，除了分析莊子是如何解構、批判世俗對於「名」的錯誤執迷外，也會討論為何「聖人」需要通過「無名」的工夫歷程方得成為聖人。莊子認為聖人如要擺脫名的羈絆首先應釐清「名」與真實世界之間的膠著關係，這樣才能打破掙脫符號技術對本我真性的控制。所以「無名」之說的本義就是要看透外在之「名」的虛實，擺脫「名」對個體意志及精神的羈絆，也讓生命自「名」的偏執中解放出來。除了作為一種個體的工夫修治外，「無名」也可視為莊子政治主張的理論基石。

Based on the perspective of ＂nameless sage,＂ this study investigates on Zhuangzi's interpretation of ＂name,＂ analyzes how Zhuangzi deconstructed and critizised the obsessive manner of pursuing ＂name,＂ and discusses why ＂sage＂ is required to gain ＂namelessness＂ in order to become a real sage. Zhuangzi thought that a sage should free himself from ＂name＂ and understand its relationship with the real world in order to break the symbols and gain control over the self. Therefore, ＂namelessness＂ is determined by the ability to see through the fake reality of ＂name＂ so that someone is spiritually liberated from the ＂name,＂ as well as releasing life from the biased ＂name.＂ Aside from being an individual labor of self-development, ＂namelessness＂ can also be perceived as fundamental theory of Zhuangzi's political stand.