從「理一分殊」論朱子的經權思想

Discussion of Zhu Zi's Constancy-expediency Thought Based on ＂One Principle; Many Manifestations＂

經權思想是儒學為解決義理衝突所提出的應對原則，歷代儒者對經權觀念的闡述各有偏重，而朱子的經權思想由於缺少專門文章討論，一直未有系統性的建立。此文則透過朱子「理一分殊」的哲學架構，分析朱子經權思維，指出理一之道與分殊之理在朱子經權思想中的地位，並藉由仁義禮智作為分殊之理，建構朱子處理經權爭議的原則，再以散見於語錄及文集中的資料，分析歸納各種衝突關係的處理，最後並透過朱子對於聖人及常人用權的限制，釐清朱子提出聖人行權的內在意涵及由此啟示常人行權的修養方法。

Constancy-expediency thought is the correspondent principle that suggested by Confucianism to solve the conflicts of justice and meaning. Scholars of different generations have different focuses on the explanations of the constancy-expediency concept. Zhu Zi's Constancy-expediency thought is spread in articles and quotations, hence there is no systemic establishment of Zhu Zi's Constancy-expediency system. This article analyzes Zhu Zi's Constancy-expediency thought via the ＂one Principle; many manifestations＂ architecture, and indicates the positions of ＂one principle＂ and ＂many manifestations＂ in Zhu Zi's Constancy-expediency though. It also establishes Zhu Zi's principle of handling the constancy-expediency arguments by using virtue, morality, propriety and wisdom as the scattered meaning formats. In addition, it analyzes and concludes various ways of handling the conflicts through information that appear in articles and quotations. Finally it analyzes the meaning of the sages executing power through Zhu Zi's limitations of the sages and common people executing power, and analyzes the meaning of Zhu Zi introducing the sages executing power, and concludes the training of common people executing power.