從理論到實踐──論馬華文學的地誌書寫

From Theory to Practice: Topographical Writing in Malaysian Chinese Literature

本文論述馬華地誌書寫從理論到實踐的形成，地誌書寫出現在馬華文學的文學史意義。最早的地誌書寫是偏重於史料記事的鄉土書寫，史筆大於文筆，質勝於文，馬華地誌書寫的開端，是一種「記錄」，因此史料價值遠勝於文學價值。馬華的地誌書寫，最早是以「地理學」存在，而非貼近經驗生活的人文地理學。直到杜忠全有意識的以地誌書寫的觀點去寫作，方標誌著馬華地誌書寫的成熟。本論文重新檢視理論的挪用，地誌書寫在地化的意義，及其在馬華文學的可能開展路徑與空間，並討論杜忠全的檳城書寫的問題與困境。

This paper discusses the formation of Malaysian Chinese topographical writing from theory to practice, and the significance of the emerged topography in history of Malaysian Chinese Literature. The earliest topography is the rural writing that emphasized on the historical notes in which the ＂content＂ weighs more than the ＂style of writing＂, or in other words- ＂facts＂ is the topmost factor to be concerned in earliest topography. Malaysian Chinese Topography started as kind of a ＂record＂ that historical value weighs more than the literature value. Malaysian Chinese Topography is based on the existence of ＂geography＂ initially, rather than leaning towards the experience of life in human geography. Not until Du Zhong Quan started his topography writing with consciousness of topographical views that we can conclude Malaysian Chinese topographical writing is matured. This paper re-examines the misappropriated theories, significance of topographical writing in term of sense-of-place, and the possible paths and spaces launched in Malaysian Chinese Literature as well as to discuss the problems and difficulties encountered by Du Zhong Quan in his writing for Penang.