閱讀與認同：讀《史記．屈原賈生列傳》

Reading and Identification: Reading in The Double Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Yi by Si-ma Qian

〈屈原賈生列傳〉雖然存在若干爭議，卻是目前研究屈原、賈誼生平的重要文獻，並且也是探究司馬遷生命情調極其關鍵的文章。本文將探討幾個問題：司馬遷如何理解屈原與賈誼的個人情志？他的理解方式與後來《史記》的撰成有何可能的聯繫？再者，除了某些已由學者揭露的史學理由外，屈、賈兩人合傳是否隱寄個人深層的主體情懷？換言之，屈原與賈誼的共通點何在？他們事蹟間的異同，是否對司馬遷在面對生命最關鍵疑惑時構成決定性的影響？這些問題部份已獲得前輩學者的留意，並且提出若干具建設性的論述，部份則猶有繼續深入探索之處。本文將在這些前行研究的基礎上，由「閱讀視角」的層面切入，思考司馬遷處理、敘述屈、賈事蹟，是否具有可深掘的中心理念，並進一步詮釋這些理念所聯繫的個人主體追尋認同的歷程。

Although there are several disputes over The Double Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Yi by Si-ma Qian(《史記．屈原賈生列傳》), it is an important reference for studying the life history of Qu Yuan and Jia Yi at present, and also a crucial article for investigating the life and sentiment of Sima Qian. Several questions are discussed in this paper, including: How did Sima Qian understand the personal sentiment and aspirations of Qu Yuan and Jia Yi? How was his understanding way connected with the completion of writing of ＂Records of the Historian＂? Why did he write these two people in one biography? What did Qu Yuan and Jia Yi have in common? Whether the similarities and dissimilarities between these two people had a decisive influence on Sima Qian when he faced the most critical doubts of life? Some of these questions have been investigated by scholars, and several constructive discussions have been proposed. However, some of these questions are still left to be further investigated continuously. Based on the past studies, this paper investigates whether there were interesting central ideas in Sima Quan when he handled and described the deeds of Qu Yuan and Jia Yi through the aspect of ＂reading perspective＂. In addition, it further interprets the forming course of his personal subjectivity which was connected with these ideas.