記夢、謁墓與前身──唐宋人學杜的情感路徑

The Records of Dream, Paying Respect to Du-Fu's Grave and Predecessor - the Emotional Path of Learning Du-Fu in Tang and Song Dynasties

由唐入宋，杜詩逐漸發展成為顯學，學杜成為詩壇主流，注杜、論杜與學杜的討論空間很大。不同於歷來詩學建構著重在理論與概念的分析，本文嘗試從記夢、謁墓與前身等情感徑路切入，探究不同於詩壇主流的詩學議題如何被提出？如何與相關文本、詩話形成互文或對話關係？對建構學杜的詩學譜系又有哪些開展？文中首先闡發唐代詩人以記夢、謁墓表達對杜甫的心馳神往之情，揭櫫杜詩的廣闊性與多元性，開啟了唐以後學杜的蓬勃發展。其次探討宋人記夢、謁墓之作所側重的輯逸、箋注、考據等具體層面，使杜甫其人與其詩相互推激而攀登上詩歌史上的高峰，確立杜甫「詩聖」與「詩史」的地位。再就宋人另外選擇以前生／前身的方式，破解唐宋人在議論與考證上的糾葛，避免使「學杜」流於過度浮泛，使學杜的詩學議題呈現出更為繁富的多元面向。

With the passing of the Tang Dynasty into the Song Dynasty, Du-Fu poetry gradually emerged and learning Du-Fu poetry became the mainstream in the poetic world, creating room for the discussion, interpretation, and learning of Du-Fu poetry. Differing from past focus on the analysis of the theory and concept of past studies, we attempt to investigate the rise of non-mainstream poetry and the emotional path of learning Du-Fu via dream records, Du-Fu grave tributes, and predecessors. Additionally, we also discuss the dialog relations with the text and notes of poetry, and the development of poetic genealogies that contributed to the learning Du-Fu poetry. We first elaborate the affection for Du-Fu during the Tang Dynasty by the dream records and Du-Fu grave tributes, revealing the extensiveness and diversity of Du-Fu's poetry, and establishing the rigorous development of learning Du-Fu poetry after the Tang Dynasty. We then explore the interpretation of poetry and textual criticism in Song Dynasty dream records and Du-Fu grave tribute which allowed for the rise of Du-Fu's person and poetry, establishing Du-Fu's position as a ＂Poem Saint＂. Finally, we explore how Song Dynasty scholars avoided conflict in the discussion and over-interpretation of learning Du-Fu poetry between the Tang and Song Dynasties by utilizing the concept of pre-life/predecessor/afterlife, allowing the subject of learning Du-Fu poetry to display rich multi-dimensionality.