余象斗《水滸志傳評林》小說人物識鑑及其意涵研究

A study on discernment and meaning of characters on Yu Xiang Dou’s ＂Remarks about Water Margin＂

福建建陽書坊主余象斗（1560？-1637？）在萬曆年間共評點了《三國志傳》、《三國志傳評林》、《水滸志傳評林》、《列國志傳》、《列國前編十二朝》等小說。透過其小說評點，可觀察當時庶民小說閱讀的美學旨趣。本文以《水滸志傳評林》為材料，從德性論及才性論展開論述架構，一則探討余象斗人物識鑑觀內涵，二則以此為基準，對照容與堂本、袁無涯本及金聖嘆等人之《水滸》人物評點，探究余象斗人物識鑑系統之價值與特色。研究結果發現「敦古誼，敬英雄」乃余象斗《水滸志傳評林》人物識鑑核心價值；而其重視義、勇與智之德性與才質的人物識鑑思維，與李卓吾、金聖嘆等強調人物去假存真，天機自適之美學觀有異。余象斗小說人物識鑑美學，其內在意涵正是儒商實用主義思維的具體呈現。

Yu xiang Dou (余象斗) is a very important publisher at Fujian Jianiang (褔建建陽) in the late Ming Dynasty. He wrote lots of annotations and remarks, such as ＂Remarks about Water Margin＂ (水滸志傳評林), ＂Romance of the Three Kingdoms＂ (三國志傳), ＂Remarks about Romance of the Three Kingdoms＂ (三國志傳評林), ect. This thesis plans to study on the discernment and meaning of characters on Yu Xiang Dou’s ＂Remarks about Water Margin＂. By this research, we find that, chivalry and heroes are the most important things in aesthetics of ＂Remarks about Water Margin＂. Being a Confucianism and businessman, it represents the thought of Yu’s pragmatism.