余嘉錫箋疏《世說新語》之詮釋特色及其文化意義初探

A Preliminary Study of the Interpretive Characteristics and Cultural Meaning of Jia-xi Yu's Commentaries on Shishou Xinyu

本文從「以歷史治小說的治學向度」、「在歷史真實與歷史評價之間」、「立足於儒家傳統之得失」三個面向來揭示余氏箋疏《世說新語》的詮釋特色及其背後的歷史文化情懷，並藉此勾勒出近代傳統知識分子透過學術以寄寓時代關懷的身影。余氏不僅表現出以歷史治小說的治學向度，亦每能兼顧史考與史義，從而展現出治中古史的恢弘格局；然而由於他深受傳統正統論史學的影響，又面臨日寇侵華民族存亡之際，因此對於委蛇兩端的魏晉名士，尤不免流露出深惡痛詆之情，而有以價值判斷淩駕於事實判斷的論述出現。余氏揚真立善的價值訴求勢必沖淡他對美的發現與關懷，本文更進一步援引牟宗三與廖蔚卿兩位當代的名士論述來參照比對，以彰顯余氏立足於宋學精神與儒家傳統之得失。

This paper aims to bring to light the interpreting characteristics of Jia-xi Yu's Commentaries on Shishou Xinyu and the socio-historical significance of it by focusing on three aspects: a historical approach to novels, the borderline between historical truth and historical evalustion, the pros and cons of being grounded on traditional Confucianism. This paper hopes that such an investigation will showcase how modern intellectuals project their concern with their epoch through academic studies. Yu not only demonstrates a scholarly historical approach to novels but also heeds to historical truth and meaning, thus presenting a broad perspective from which to research history of earlier periods. Because he was influenced by traditional approach to history and, meanwhile, was situated in a time when Japan invaded China, he had an antipathy toward Wei-Jin's intellectuals who followed the crookedness of the world. As such, in his discourse emerged an emphasis on value judgment over truth judgment. Yu's stress on goodness and righteousness would inevitably lead to an attenuated concern with aesthetics. By referring to Zueng-san Mou's and Wei-qing Liao's studies on intellectualism and contrasting them with Yu's approach, this article will weigh the pros and cons of Yu's stance based on Song's intellectualism and traditional Confucianism.