六朝隱逸文化的新轉向──一個「隱逸自覺論」的提出

The Six Dynasties to Live in Seclusion the Culture Newly to Change

本文旨在探賾從東漢迄於魏晉南北朝，隱逸文化從一「仕—隱」結構的突破中，所呈現的從「他目的性」的「道不行、仕不遇」之隱到「自目的性」的「為隱而隱」、「自足性分」之隱的旨趣轉向，並以一個傳統文人面對仕隱抉擇時的哲理反省為進路，以行為向理論的還原為方法論意識，企圖擺落以社會、歷史等背景為主軸的「外在研究」詮釋策略，而從一個人生哲學的視域，以內在心理根源為取向，將此隱逸行為視為個人生命情調的外在化，試圖在隱逸論題的研究中，於歷史、社會等背景因素之外，提供另一考察的視野。因此，本文首先從儒、道兩家對待隱逸的態度敘起，用以對顯「儒隱」與「道隱」兩種基本型態，並且論述老莊思想在此一轉折中，所扮演的積極作用，試圖釐清當時莊老思潮盛行與希企隱逸風尚的內在聯係，繼而說明在此時期中「自目的性之隱」的情狀與「朝隱」所標誌的理論意義，藉此來論證在當時「人的覺醒」的文化語境底下，六朝隱逸活動標誌的從「他目的性之隱」到「自目的性之隱」的新轉向。

This article is main is discussing the Six Dynasties to live in seclusion the culture to display newly changes. Then in lives in seclusion in the spiritual contrast from the Confucianist and Taoism is the discussion beginning, separately leaves two kind of different living in seclusion condition, and analyzes the Lao-zi, the Zhuang-zi thought to lives in seclusion the function and its the intrinsic connection which the culture occurs. The attempt gets rid take backgrounds and so on society, history as the main axle research viewpoint, but in the individual psychological root, will live in seclusion the behavior to regard as the life ideal external performance emphatically. The hope can live in seclusion the cultural research for the Six Dynasties, provides a new inspection viewpoint.