從越南乂安省五本鄉約研究民俗

A Study on Folklore according to Five Village Regulation Books of Yi-An Province in Vietnam

民間文化反映人民在一定居住範圍內的現實生活，包括思想觀念、風俗習慣、信仰儀禮、應處行為等。這些方面的有關記載可流傳在鄉村的鄉約俗例，家族的家譜、族約，亭宇、寺廟的碑文等資料。其中，鄉社鄉約資料常以一個具體的村社名稱與「例簿」、「券簿」、「券例」、「條例」、「鄉約」、「券約」、「券詞」、「風俗」及「俗例」等字為題目，如：《金銀亭市例》、《東萼社各甲例簿》、《東廚計鄉約》、《金馬村俗例》、《東萼社市碑》、《憑烈社碑記》。乂安省（舊為乂安處）是越南的古老地區，在歷史中曾產生大量歷史人物和科舉人才。此地還保持很多越南特徵風俗習慣以及鄉村文化生活。乂安省現存鄉約五本，以年代先後排列如下：1、景治三年（1665年）乂安省演洲縣《後山村券約》，編號A.2763。2、嘉隆五年（1806年）乂安省興原縣《玉笏村俗例》，編號AFb.1/5。3、嘉隆十二年（1811年）乂安省興原縣《正的村俗例》，編號AFb.1/5。4、嗣德五年（1852年）乂安省興原縣《金馬村俗例》，編號AFb.1/5。5、維新五年（1911年）乂安省演洲縣《雁塔村口傳》，編號A.2763。通過介紹以上現存五本俗例可以看見越南中部乂安省幾點風俗習慣特徵，推進地方鄉俗研究，對越南鄉約考察作一分貢獻。

Folk culture reflects the actual life of inhabitants living in certain areas including thoughts and concepts, customs and manners, beliefs and ceremonies, and the sense of propriety. Relevant records have been handed down in folk customs of villages; family pedigree and customs; epigraphs inscribed on pavilions and temples. Village and customs documents have been categorized with the combination of a specific village name and words such as “regulation book”, “documents book”, “regulation document”, “ordinance”, “village regulation”, “documents regulation”, “documents regarding public issues”, “customs” and “practices”. For example, Jin Yin Ting City Ordinance, Convention Book of each Jia (square measure) at Dung A She, Dung Chu Ji Village Regulation, Jin Ma Village Practice, Dung A She City Tablet and Ping Lie She Stele. Yi-An Province (old Yi-An) is an ancient region in Vietnam where many historic figures and imperial examination talents came from. This location maintains lots of distinguishing Vietnamese customs as well as rural culture and life. Yi-An Province has preserved five Village Regulations which are listed in chronicle order as follow: 1) The Third Year during the Reign of Emperor Jing Jr (1665 A.D.). Yan-Jou County of Yi-An Province, Hou Shan Village Documents Regulation, number A.2763. 2) The Fifth Year during the Reign of Emperor Jia Lung (1806 A.D.). Shing-Yuan Country of Yi-An Province, Yu-Hu Village Practice, number AFb.1/5. 3) The Twelfth Year during the Reign of Emperor Jia Lung (1811 A.D.). Shing-Yuan Country of Yi-An Province, Jeng-De Village Practice, number AFb.1/5. 4) The Fifth Year during the Reign of Emperor Sz De (1852 A.D.). Shing-Yuan Country of Yi-An Province, Jin Ma Village Practice, number AFb.1/5. 5) The Fifth Year during the Reign of Emperor Wei Shin (1911 A.D.). Yan-Jou County of Yi-An Province, Story of Yan-Ta Village Entry, number A.2763. This article purports to observe above-mentioned five practices to analyze specific features of folk customs in Yi-An Province located at the middle of Vietnam, in order to further results of study on rural conventions and make a contribution to investigation of Vietnamese village regulations.