論新詩「以句構篇」之類型及其特色

Types of “Writing Constructed by Single Sentence” And its Characteristics in Neo-Poetry

文法處理的是句子之內的邏輯關係，因此就創作而言，必然合乎「（0）一、二、多」的邏輯結構，如就鑑賞而言，逆溯回去，就會符合「多、二、一（0）」的邏輯結構。若鎖定主謂句來說，主語和謂語就是「二」，主語偏於陰、謂語偏於陽，此二者可以徹下至「多」，統貫起其下的狀語、定語等，也可以徹上至「（0）一」，即表出整個句子的完整意義。而且句子原本是語言最基本的使用單位，但是在「以句構篇」的新詩中，一個句子就必須負擔起整首詩篇表情達意的功能，因此論述時就先尋出此句的「原型」，並與其呈現出的「變型」相對照，以見出句子的作用。首先就類型來說，根據主語和謂語的位置，可以區別為「先主語後謂語」和「先謂語後主語」兩種結構類型；其次就特色來說，可以從三個方面來考察：一是主語和謂語搭配得當以準確地表情達意，二是句子擴展使得內容豐富、氣勢暢達，三是分行、分段可幫助確定意義、凸出重點，因此造成了「以句構篇」新詩簡練而豐富的美感。

Grammar states the rules of logical relation in a sentence. In respect of creation, it is subject to the logic of “(zero), single, binary, and multiple” structures. In respect of appreciation, which is related to a retroactive process, it involves “multiple, binary and single (zero)” structures. In terms of nominative-predicate sentence, the nominative and the predicate constitute “binary” structures. The nominative tends to be feminine and the predicate tends to be masculine. These two components may branch downward into multiple sub-structures, and link to the subsequent modifiers. On the other hand, they can be integrated upward as a “(0) single” structure, representing the whole meaning of a sentence. Essentially, sentence is the basic unit in language. In Neo-Poetry; however, a poem is often composed of single sentence. That is to say, one sentence must represent the full sentiment in a poem. When one descants on such poem, he shall find out the “prototype” of the sentence first, then cross-refer to its “variant”. In so doing, the effect of the sentence will be highlighted. There are two types of this structure: “nominative followed by predicate” and “predicate followed by nominative”, according to their positions. One can examine the characteristics of single-sentence poetry from three aspects: 1) proper arrangement of the nominative and the predicate; 2) sentence development that enriches the meaning and imposing power; and 3) Proper arrangement of lines and paragraphs, which helps to clarify meaning and highlight the key points. The above three factors contribute the aesthetics of Neo-poetry.