胡炳文《易》學學統的建立與以《本義》會通眾說析論

The Study of Hu Bing-wen Establish the Academic Legitimacy of Classic of Changes Studies and Convergence of Various Opinions by Zhouyibenyi

胡炳文（字仲虎，號雲峰，1250-1333）為元代著名《易》學家，常與胡一桂並稱，除治《易》外，亦專精《四書》，歸宗朱子。前賢的評價多基於羽翼朱子《本義》，未能真正指出重要性。深入考察後發現，胡氏提出《易》學學統的觀念，在此脈絡肯定朱子的重要性，並將自己視為朱子的繼承者，以朱子《易》為核心，會通眾說。雖然肯定朱子在《易》學學統的重要定位，對朱子的論點多所贊同，但在許多議題上，仍有他個人的抉擇。除致力闡釋朱子《本義》，展現朱子深意外，亦補朱子釋象及釋義不足處，多有見地，故為明、清《易》家所重視，常援引其說。胡氏《易》學亦具有時代性，身處於異族統治的元代，特別關注道德價值的維繫，釋《易》尤重視「貞」字、義利之辨及君子、小人之辨，這些觀念的強調都格外具有時代性。胡氏之志並非只是為推崇朱子一家之學，而是透過建立《易》學學統，透過朱子《易》會通眾說，融會己意，掘發《易》作為卜筮之書所蘊涵開物成務之理，此方是胡氏《易》學的特色及重要性所在。

Hu Bing Wen was a famous scholar of Classic of Changes studies in the Yuan Dynasty, and we often rank him with Hu Yi Gui. He studied Yijing and Four Books by following Zhu Xi's methods. Most of the evaluation are based on Zhu Xi's Benyi, unexpectedly it does not point out the importance. After observing and investigation, we found that Hu establishes the academic legitimacy of Classic of Changes studies and he affirmed the importance of Zhu Xi, and posed himself as Zhu Xi's heir. He focusses on Zhu Xi's Classic of Changes studies, and confirmed with the others. Although he affirmed Zhu Xi's Classic of Changes studies in the academic legitimacy of Classic of Changes studies, but in many subjects, he insisted on his argument. He industriously to interpret or giving Zhu Xi's Benyi an explanation in some depth. He was not only showing Zhu Xi's profound meaning but also recruiting Zhu Xi's defects. There was a lot of senses in Hu's Classic of Changes studies, and many scholars of Classic of Changes studies in the Ming and Qing Dynasties attached importance to him. Those scholars often quoted Hu's ideas. Hu's Classic of Changes studies reflected the characteristics of the times. He was in the Yuan Dynasty that was controlled by different tribe, and he fully paid attention on the value of morality. When he explained Yijing, he especially emphasizes to the words of ＂Zhen＂, the distinction between moral and interests, and the distinction between the gentleman and the nasty little man. Those ideas especially could reflect the characteristics of the times. Hu's ideals were not only hailed Zhu Xi's leaning, but also found the truth of Yijing that regards as the book of divination. It just is the importance of Hu's Classic of Changes studies.