現存三種《道一編》版本考辨──兼論聶豹刪改本之意義

Bibliographical Research on Three Editions of Dao Yi Bian: with a Related Discussion of Nie Bao's Work of Deletion

《道一編》是明成化、弘治年間著名學者程敏政（1445-1499）的重要著作，該書以文獻考據的方式論證朱（熹，1130-1200）、陸（九淵，1139-1193）二人學術思想「早異晚同」，於明代中後期頗具影響力，論者或謂王孚仁（陽明，1472-1529）《朱子晚年定論》取材於斯。目前可見的《道一編》有三種版本，無論卷數、內容均不一致，若未清楚梳理，恐有礙吾人對程敏政乃至王陽明的理解，亦無法正確認識明代中期和會朱陸的論述。經本文考察，可知三種《道一編》中，「李信刻本」應為弘治3年（1490）的程敏政原本，「李汛刻本」應為稍後之重刻，二者均為六卷本；五卷本為嘉靖7年（1528）陽明後學聶豹（1486-1563）於福建巡按任上按李汛本所刊，除刪去原書卷一之外，更刪削了書中部分內容，這些內容與其當時對尊德性、道問學問題的看法頗趨一致，書中旨趣已與程氏原書不同。

Dao Yi Bian is the masterpiece of Cheng Min Zheng (1445-1499), who is an eminent scholar in the imperial Hanlin Academy between Chenghua (1465-1487) and Hongzhi (1488-1505) period. Dao Yi Bian purported to prove that although the thoughts of Zhu Xi (1130-1200) and Lu Jiu Yuan (1139-1193) about learning differed at the beginning, they eventually reconciled with each other in their final years. The effect of Dao Yi Bian’s conclusion was enormous, that scholars always regarded it as the precedent of Wang Yang Ming’s 1472-1529) Zhu Zi Wan Nian Ding Lun. However, there are three different editions of Dao Yi Bian, two are six-scroll, the other is five-scroll. It would be difficult to realize the meaning of this important book if we did not distinct its editions clearly. This article is about to investigate the differences between these three editions, not only demonstrate the original six-scroll edition of Cheng Min Zheng, but also present the deletion made by Nie Bao (1486-1563) in the five-scroll edition he published later.