曲筆書弒，以史傳真──《三國志》曹髦被弒之《春秋》書法

“Chun Qiu Shu Fa＂ of the Assassination of Cao Mao in The History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou -- Elaborating Classics and Passing Down Truth via History

《三國志》成書於晉朝初年，其對於魏晉禪付之際的諸多紀載，歷來評者大多認為不免有所迴護。其中最為爭論的焦點，乃高貴鄉公曹髦被權臣所弒，橫死於雲龍臺下此一「弒君」事件。而陳壽《三國志》對此段歷史的記載，唐付劉知幾、宋付朱熹、清付趙翼等皆是多所批評，認為陳壽語焉不詳，湮沒史實。然本文以《春秋》書法的詮釋觀點，重新檢視《三國志》相關內容，析以「通篇究終始之書法」、「讖緯書法」、「書卒、不地之《春秋》義例」三端，分析歸納，證成陳壽乃嫻熟《春秋》書法，並且於《三國志．三少帝紀》中多方運用，曲折記下史實，為文婉而成章，盡懲惡而勸善的史家風骨。

The History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou was completed in the early Jin Dynasty, its many descriptions of the time of the substitution of Jin Dynasty with Wei Dynasty were considered by many critics to be overly defensive. Among which, the greatest controversial would have to be the assassination of Cao Mao, the Duke of Gao-Gui, by his powerful ministers where he died a violent death in the South gate of Imperial City during the “Regicide” event. This section of history recorded by Chen Shou in The History of the Three Kingdoms was criticized by Liu Zhi-Ji, Zhu Xi, and Zhao Yi, etc., for the reason that they thought Chen Shou did not elaborate and submerge the facts. However, this article applies the interpretative viewpoint of the Chun Qiu Shu Fa (Period's rhetoric) to review the relevant contents of The History of the Three Kingdoms, analyzing from the three points of “Overall rhetoric from the beginning to the end”, “Chenwei Rhetoric”, “Scribe, Yi-Li in Chun Qiu of Bu-Di”. Via analysis and induction, it justifies that Chen Shou was adept at Chun Qiu Period's Rhetoric, and utilized it in many ways in “The Record Event of Three Young Emperors” in The History of the Three Kingdoms, circuitously recorded historical facts, the writings were elliptical and rhetoric, full of the strength of the characteristics of evil-hating and moral-seeking of a historian.