《唐宋詩醇》與《唐詩別裁集》之「李杜並稱」比較

A Study to Clear the Saying-the Poems of Li Bai and Du Fu had the Same Level of Influence in Tang Sung Shi Chun and Tang Shi Bie Cai Ji

《唐宋詩醇》是乾隆御定的詩歌選本，於乾隆15年（1750）刊行，本書在清代不僅廣布各省，也是試官出題與考官策問的參考書籍，據此可知其影響層面與重要性。清代沈德潛所編選的《唐詩別裁集》，於康熙56年（1717）初選刊定，後於乾隆28年（1763）重新刊訂，是清代流通廣泛、讀者普及的唐詩選本。筆者深入檢閱兩部詩選內容後發現：《唐宋詩醇》大量引用《唐詩別裁集》初訂本的詩評內容，而沈德潛在重訂《唐詩別裁集》時，也採納《唐宋詩醇》的選詩要旨作為修正重點，可見兩部詩選是相互作用、彼此影響的。但就選本體例而言，《唐詩別裁集》僅選唐人詩，且採分體選詩模式，《唐宋詩醇》則選錄唐、宋兩代計六位詩家作品，並採因人分卷、不分詩體的模式。兩部選本體例上的差異，難免形成比較研究的障礙，故本文擬由兩部詩歌選本共同的選詩要旨──「李、杜並稱」的角度切入，據以理解兩部詩歌選本中「李、杜並稱」的理論基礎，進而釐清「李、杜並稱」的選詩要旨，與「以杜為宗」的選評內容所造成的歧義。透過本文的研究，除了能深入理解清代兩部重要的詩歌選本對李、杜詩的選評，以及兩者相互影響作用的情形，對於「李、杜優劣」的研究論題，也應有補充、參考之效益。

Tang Shi Bie Cai Ji, a very widespread and influential anthology of Tang poetry compiled by Chen Deqian in the Qing Dynasty, was published in the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi empire and re-edited in the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong sovereignty. Tang Sung Shi Chun, officially issued in the fifteenth year of Qianlong sovereignty, collected the poems of six poets: Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Han Yu from the Tang Dynasty, and Su Shi, Lu You from the Sung Dynasty. Probing into the two anthologies, it was found that there were amount of poem comments excerpted from Tang Shi Bie Cai Ji in Tang Sung Shi Chun. While Chen Deqian was re-editing Tang Shi Bie Cai Ji, he adopted the poem-selecting gist from Tang Sung Shi Chun as his editing standard. Thus, the two books were correlative. Due to the differences on the standards to select poems, doing comparative research has its obstacles. Therefore, this study focuses on comparing the two anthologies to realize if the poems of Li Bai and Du Fu had the same level influence or Du Fu's poems are a real standard to collect poems in the anthologies. Extensive study goes to explore the inclination on selecting poems and the discrepancy on poem comments. This study cannot only assist to know the correlation of the two anthologies but also make up some references on the comparative research between the poems of Li Bai and Du Fu.