《世說新語》劉辰翁評點研究──中國小說評點之祖的商榷

Textual Research onLiou Chen-weng's Commentary of Shi ShuoXin Yu: Identification of the Founder of the Commentary on Chinese Novels

元刻本《世說》八卷希罕而珍貴，世上僅存兩部，文物及版本上的價值固然很高，其中劉辰翁的批語也具有很大的研究價值。元刻本另有劉應登的批注，但長久受到輕忽，而劉辰翁的批語，明、清人褒貶不一，今人則頗多肯定，甚至推許為中國小說評點的始祖，具有開創典範的歷史意義與地位。然而，明代以來的學者大多未能目睹此書，僅從傳抄的少數批語立論，造成一些認知上的偏差。從而在論斷劉辰翁評點的歷史定位之前，必須針對元刻本的真偽、年代與批注情形，確實的考辨清楚，進而對於批語的內涵，也須全面而切實地探討。本文以為此書刊刻於元代無誤，劉氏兩人的批注也真實不偽。劉應登的批注雖然早於劉辰翁，但仍屬於傳統的章句注疏，不能視為小說評點。劉辰翁的批語則是把他評點詩文一貫的審美取向移植到《世說》，從文學批評的角度賞析，而與宋元「說話」伎藝無關，更超脫了史傳實錄的框架，能夠肯定虛構、想像的價值，確實是中國小說評點的先導。

The thesis discussed the value of Liu Chen-weng's commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu as well as the style, objects, views, and contents of it. Liu's commentary possessed both rational and perceptual manners of literature criticism. Liu's commentary affected style, objects, views, and use of language in commentary upon Chinese novels. That commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu laid a solid foundation for the theory of Chinese novels. In addition, Liu's commentary played an important role in creating commentary on Chinese novels and laid groundwork for it. Liu Chen-weng was the first one to do commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Liu's commentary not only improved notions of reading Shi Shuo Xin Yu, but also helped later generations do such research on Chinese novels. Therefore, He was regarded as the founder of the commentary on Chinese novels.