憨山德清「解脫」書寫中的禪觀與意境──以《夢遊集》為中心

On Zen Perspective and Artistic Conception in the Writings of Liberation by Hanshan Teching - Mengyouji as Example

晚明佛教叢林論詩、作詩的風氣盛行，四大高僧中，以憨山德清的文學創作最著名，亦最為人稱頌為文字般若；但學界對憨山的認識，多從思想層面探討，甚少從其文學作品了解其精神底蘊。本文探討憨山作品《夢遊集》中的自由創作，特別聚焦於「解脫」、「自由」主題的書寫；「解脫」、「自由」乃是佛教的根本關懷，透過了悟的禪僧、禪者對於「解脫」、「自由」的工夫與意境描述，應最能呈現佛教創作在文學主題上的獨殊之處，也更能掌握高僧心靈境界中的工夫精髓與悟境美感。本文首先說明憨山之創作精神與特質，其次說明憨山多重身分之「解脫」書寫元素，最後分析憨山解脫書寫的五大面向與內容，以能記下中國文學史中詩僧創作的精神、內涵與歷史之重要的一章。

Among the most recognizable Zen masters, Hanshan Deching's work of literature is most well-known. Yet, scholars who study Hanshan' tend to focus on his ideology instead of his literary work, which reveals his salient thoughts and ideas. This paper mainly discusses different unrestrained compositions in Hanshan Deching's compilation, Mengyouji, and focuses especially on themes of freedom and liberation. These are the most important elements of Buddhism, and from the realized Zen master's expression concerning liberation through meditation and the state of ideas that provide a unique literary style of Buddhism, readers can learn more about the aesthetic state of realization in the mind of eminent monks.