從李贄對蘇軾學術之評價考察其思想之建樹──以《九正易因》對《東坡易傳》之徵引討論為核心

An Investigation of Li Zhi's Thought Through his Evaluation on Su Shi's Scholarship: Quotes in Jiu Zheng Yi Yin on Tongpo Yizhuan as Core Discussion

李贄與蘇軾，一在晚明，一在北宋，相隔數百年，看似無甚關聯，然而，蘇軾乃北宋文壇盟主，也是晚明文人極為推崇的典範人物，而李贄正是當中引領「蘇學」風潮的重要代表。晚明文人與道學家之對立意識，可上溯於北宋之洛蜀黨爭，故李贄之「反道學」，實即承繼了蘇軾蜀學與洛學對立之精神。然而李贄學術乃陽明嫡傳，而陽明心學儘管與程朱理學相頡頏，卻無疑仍屬道學一脈，而遠於蘇軾蜀學，故李贄尊蘇軾，亦非揚蜀學而棄洛學，而代表了陽明心學涵融洛蜀之精神，亦即在道學與文人之間尋求溝通與調合。李贄蓋棺之作：《九正易因》，其徵引諸家《易》解幾六十家，而以王畿與蘇軾二人之說為最多，卻獨對東坡說解提出駁正，要亦有為而發。故本文試申述之。

Li Zhi Lived in the late Ming Dynasty, while Su Shi born in the Northern Song Dynasty; it may seem like both figures have little connection, for Su Shi was known as leader of literary circles in the Northern Song Dynasty, while Li was the celebrated scholar, adored by the late Ming Dynasty scholars. However, Li Zhi was one of the most important representatives that lead the Su Studies (Su Xue) campaign. The inverse awareness between late Ming Dynasty's scholar and Moralism can be traced back to the “Luo Shu faction dispute” (Luo-Shu Dangzheng) of the Northern Song Dynasty. In fact Li Zhi's “anti-moralism” (Fan Daoxue) transmitted Su Shi's spirit above the inverse of Shu Studies and Luo Studies. However, Li Zhi's learning was handed down in a direct line from Wang Yangming; although the School of the Mind opposed Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucian thought, there is no doubt that both the School of the Mind and School of Principle belong to same lineage of Moralism, which differs from Su Shi's “Studies of the Shu Region” (Shuxue). Even though Li Zhi follows the scholarship of Su Shi, this does not suggest he abandoned Luo Studies and praised Shu Studies, but represents the combination of the School of the Mind with the spirit of Luo Shu, which seeks to blend and provide a line of communication between Moralism and scholars. Li Zhi's last work Jiu Zheng Yi Yin cites the explanations of about 60 scholars for The Book of Changes. Among those various scholars' explanations, the statements of Wang Ji and Su Shi are cited most prominently, but Li Zhi proposes to correct Su Shi's explanation. Thus, this paper aims to explore the reasoning behind this.