召喚與凝聚──越南潘佩珠建構的英雄系譜與國族論述

Interpolation and Solidarity: Phan Boi Chau's Construction of the Vietnamese “National Heroes” Genealogy and Expounding of Nationality

不同於傳統士人，近代越南知識人潘佩珠（Phan Bội Châu，1867-1940）關心的不再是個人或是領導者在道德上的修為鍛鍊，而是從致良知、尊德性擴大到愛國與合群，從朝廷君王而轉向國家與民族。他試圖透過英雄系譜與國族神話的想像與建構，來召喚英雄與振興國魂。而他是如何尋找英雄，以建立國族的英雄系譜？這些來自四面八方，跨越不同時空的英雄，又是如何被他高度地混凝濃縮在愛國救國的論述框架之中，而成為國族敘述的主旋律？而他藉英雄建立的國族論述又有什麼特色，著重在那些層面？上述這些問題，是歷來研究者在探討潘佩珠之英雄觀較少處理的面向，因此，本文試圖先思考潘佩珠如何為越南民族運動，建構一套完整且可供運用國族英雄系譜。其次，進一步討論潘佩珠之國族論述的面貌與特色，即他如何透過英雄來鞏固國族、凝聚認同，寄寓整個國族的想像。

Compared to traditional intellectuals in Vietnam, Phan Boi Chau (1867-1940) was no longer viewed as a independent leader of moral training, but he became the Vietnamese symbol of “Illuminated Consciousness.” Through honor and virtue, patriotism, and unity, Phan turned his attention from maintaining a monarchy to establishing a nation. He made attempts to revive the essence of national heroes and develop national spirit by imagining and constructing genealogies of Vietnam national heroes and myth. Phan Boi Chau's construction of the genealogy of Vietnamese national heroes involves complex topics such as the self and the other, as well as the discourse of national imagination and enlightenment, which all possess multi-faceted meanings and elucidations. This paper will analyze how Phan Boi Chau constructs and emphasizes the genealogies of Vietnamese national heroes. It will then illustrate the key features of his expounding of Vietnamese Nationalism.