趙翼《甌北詩話》說宋詩──以蘇軾、黃庭堅詩為討論核心

Ou-Bei Shihua on Song Poetry: Cases on Su Shi and Huang Ting-Jian

本文選擇趙翼《甌北詩話》作為主要之研究文本，聚焦在宋詩宋調之風格，考察其中品藻蘇軾、黃庭堅之文獻，以見乾嘉宗宋詩話論述宋詩特色、唐宋詩異同之一斑。《甌北詩話》十分推崇蘇軾之人格與風格，稱美東坡為天才，謂出以揮灑，全不用力。討論蘇軾詩歌，偏重鍛煉剪裁與自然湊泊、讀書博學與使事用典。稱以俗為雅、以故為新，為山谷得力處；務為峭拔，不肯隨俗，為黃詩命意所在。對於山谷詩過求新奇，氣乏渾厚，則評價不高。評價蘇軾、黃庭堅詩歌，在「才力雄厚，書卷繁富」方面，以為旗鼓相當。其他，尚論述因難見巧、詩家能新，以文為詩、以小說入詩、文字遊戲、以俗為雅等等，多為宋調所追求。趙翼詩學標榜「詩家能新」，提倡新意新詞，重視才氣性情，此中有具體而微之表現。乾嘉詩話對宋詩特色或正或反之闡釋，將有助於文學史地位之公允評價；繆鉞「唐宋詩異同」，錢鍾書「詩分唐宋」說，將因此而獲得更有力之佐證。

I use Zhao Yi's Ou-Bei Shihua as the main text, and then search the content related to Su Shi, Huang Ting-Jian and the difference and similarities between Tang and Song poetry. Hereby, it shows how the pro-Song shihuas, written in Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties, demonstrate the characteristics of Song poetry and the difference and similarities between Tang and Song poetry. Ou-Bei Shihua has the greatest esteem for Su Shi and admires him for the talent of smooth writing. It also mentions on which Song style press, such as the difference between elaboration and natural writing, learning to be erudite and using allusions to write poems, using skills to overcome difficulties and to be innovative, using prose or novels as poems, art of wording, and viewing popular tastes as refinement. We would find Zhao Yi's opinions in this composition, which advocate fresh meaning and words, emphasizing the talent and disposition. Whether how shihuas in Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties interpret the traits of Song poetry, it helps us evaluate the status of Song poetry and Song style in the history of Chinese literature, as well as Miao Yue's “the difference and similarities between Tang and Song poetry” and Qian Zhong-Shu's “demarcation between Tang and Song Poetry.”