〈鄭子家喪〉考釋八則──簡文中兩個史實的商榷

Complementary Explanation of Eight Issues in “Zheng Zi Jia Sang＂

〈鄭子家喪〉是《上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書（七）》的其中一篇，內容論及鄭子家死後，莊王自感身為諸侯之正長，應懲罰顛覆君臣之禮的鄭子家，故出兵圍鄭三個月，鄭人提出薄葬子家的訴求，並以子良為人質，楚莊王承諾與鄭國議和，就在此時晉國出兵欲助鄭國，在楚大夫的強力建議下，兩棠迎戰晉軍，大敗晉師。依據《史記．鄭世家》記載楚國之所以包圍鄭國是因為晉、鄭結盟之故，〈鄭子家喪〉則認為是對鄭子家弒君行為的具體懲罰，二者看法不同。目前簡文大抵已可通讀，但字句仍有不少問題值得討論，本文提出八條考釋意見，並對「楚莊王如此憎恨鄭子家的原因」、「簡文在敘述時間上的矛盾」兩個問題，進一步提出個人的意見。

“Zheng Zi Jia Sang” (“Death of Zheng Zi Jia”) is one of the chapters in Chu Bamboo Slips of the Warring States Period Collected in Shanghai Museum, vol. 7. It tells about the happenings after the death of Zheng Zi Jia: how King Zhuang of Chu, feeling and claiming himself as the common leader of the feudatory kings, waged a three-month siege on Zheng Kingdom so as to punish Zheng Zi Jia's behavior of subverting the ethics between a king and his feudatories. As King Zuang of Chu promised to negotiate peace with the Zheng people because they offered not only to give Zheng Zi Jia merely a thrift funeral, but also to let Chu Kingdom take Zheng Zi Liang hostage, Jin Kingdom dispatched troops to help Zheng Kingdom, and yet the troops were fought and defeated by the Chu troops at Liang Tang, a battle waged under the strong advice Chu'a gentlemen bureaucrats (Daifus). According to “The House of Zheng” in Shiji (Records of the Grand Scribe), the reason for Chu's besiegement of Zheng Kingdom was due to the alliance of Jin and Zheng. “Zheng Zi Jia Sang,” however, provides a different view that this besiegement was a concrete punishment for Zheng Zi Jia's act of killing his king. Now the meaning of the original text on the bamboo slips can mostly be understood, but there are still many textual questions about the words and sentences that are worth discussing. The present paper not only proposes eight interpretations of this text, but also takes a step further to offer some opinions specifically about the two questions of “the reason for King Zhuang of Chu's hatred against Zheng Zi Jia” and “the contradictions in the narrative time of the text.” In this way, I hope to contribute to the field of ancient Chinese history and literature with the results and opinions of my textual research, and also hope that scholars could kindly grant me some comments.